TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating Multidisciplinary Observations in Vent Environments (IMOVE): Decadal Progress in Deep-Sea Observatories at Hydrothermal Vents JF - Frontiers in Marine Science Y1 - 2022 A1 - Matabos, Marjolaine A1 - Barreyre, Thibaut A1 - Juniper, S. Kim A1 - Cannat, Mathilde A1 - Kelley, Deborah A1 - Alfaro-Lucas, Joan M. A1 - Chavagnac, Valerie A1 - Colaço, Ana A1 - Escartin, Javier A1 - Escobar, Elva A1 - Fornari, Daniel A1 - Hasenclever, Jorg A1 - Huber, Julie A. A1 - Laes-Huon, Agathe A1 - Lanteri, Nadine A1 - Levin, Lisa Ann A1 - Mihaly, Steve A1 - Mittelstaedt, Eric A1 - Pradillon, Florence A1 - Sarradin, Pierre-Marie A1 - Sarrazin, Jozee A1 - Tomasi, Beatrice A1 - Venkatesan, Ramasamy A1 - Vic, Clement KW - COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AB - The unique ecosystems and biodiversity associated with mid-ocean ridge (MOR) hydrothermal vent systems contrast sharply with surrounding deep-sea habitats, however both may be increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activity (e.g., mining activities at massive sulphide deposits). Climate change can alter the deep-sea through increased bottom temperatures, loss of oxygen, and modifications to deep water circulation. Despite the potential of these profound impacts, the mechanisms enabling these systems and their ecosystems to persist, function and respond to oceanic, crustal, and anthropogenic forces remain poorly understood. This is due primarily to technological challenges and difficulties in accessing, observing and monitoring the deep-sea. In this context, the development of deep-sea observatories in the 2000s focused on understanding the coupling between sub-surface flow and oceanic and crustal conditions, and how they influence biological processes. Deep-sea observatories provide long-term, multidisciplinary time-series data comprising repeated observations and sampling at temporal resolutions from seconds to decades, through a combination of cabled, wireless, remotely controlled, and autonomous measurement systems. The three existing vent observatories are located on the Juan de Fuca and Mid-Atlantic Ridges (Ocean Observing Initiative, Ocean Networks Canada and the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory). These observatories promote stewardship by defining effective environmental monitoring including characterizing biological and environmental baseline states, discriminating changes from natural variations versus those from anthropogenic activities, and assessing degradation, resilience and recovery after disturbance. This highlights the potential of observatories as valuable tools for environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the context of climate change and other anthropogenic activities, primarily ocean mining. This paper provides a synthesis on scientific advancements enabled by the three observatories this last decade, and recommendations to support future studies through international collaboration and coordination. The proposed recommendations include: i) establishing common global scientific questions and identification of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) specific to MORs, ii) guidance towards the effective use of observatories to support and inform policies that can impact society, iii) strategies for observatory infrastructure development that will help standardize sensors, data formats and capabilities, and iv) future technology needs and common sampling approaches to answer today’s most urgent and timely questions. VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability of Natural Methane Bubble Release at Southern Hydrate Ridge JF - Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems Y1 - 2021 A1 - Marcon, Yann A1 - Kelley, Deborah A1 - Thornton, Blair A1 - Manalang, Dana A1 - Bohrmann, Gerhard UR - https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1141266962 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Better Regional Ocean Observing Through Cross-National Cooperation: A Case Study From the Northeast Pacific JF - Frontiers in Marine Science Y1 - 2019 A1 - Barth, John A. A1 - Allen, Susan E. A1 - Dever, Edward P. A1 - Dewey, Richard K. A1 - Evans, Wiley A1 - Feely, Richard A. A1 - Fisher, Jennifer L. A1 - Fram, Jonathan P. A1 - Hales, Burke A1 - Ianson, Debby A1 - Jackson, Jennifer A1 - Juniper, Kim A1 - Kawka, Orest A1 - Kelley, Deborah A1 - Klymak, Jody M. A1 - Konovsky, John A1 - Kosro, P. Michael A1 - Kurapov, Alexander A1 - Mayorga, Emilio A1 - MacCready, Parker A1 - Newton, Jan A1 - Perry, R. Ian A1 - Risien, Craig M. A1 - Robert, Marie A1 - Ross, Tetjana A1 - Shearman, R. Kipp A1 - Schumacker, Joe A1 - Siedlecki, Samantha A1 - Trainer, Vera L. A1 - Waterman, Stephanie A1 - Wingard, Christopher E. KW - coastal oceanography KW - data delivery KW - marine eco system KW - ocean model and observations comparison KW - Ocean observation AB - The ocean knows no political borders. Ocean processes, like summertime wind-driven upwelling, stretch thousands of kilometers along the Northeast Pacific (NEP) coast. This upwelling drives marine ecosystem productivity and is modulated by weather systems and seasonal to interdecadal ocean-atmosphere variability. Major ocean currents in the NEP transport water properties such as heat, fresh water, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, pCO2, and pH close to the shore. The eastward North Pacific Current bifurcates offshore in the NEP, delivering open-ocean signals south into the California Current and north into the Gulf of Alaska. There is a large and growing number of NEP ocean observing elements operated by government agencies, Native American Tribes, First Nations groups, not-for-profit organizations, and private entities. Observing elements include moored and mobile platforms, shipboard repeat cruises, as well as land-based and estuarine stations. A wide range of multidisciplinary ocean sensors are deployed to track, for example, upwelling, downwelling, ocean productivity, harmful algal blooms, ocean acidification and hypoxia, seismic activity and tsunami wave propagation. Data delivery to shore and observatory controls are done through satellite and cell phone communication, and via seafloor cables. Remote sensing from satellites and land-based coastal radar provide broader spatial coverage, while numerical circulation and biogeochemical modeling complement ocean observing efforts. Models span from the deep ocean into the inland Salish Sea and estuaries. NEP ocean observing systems are used to understand regional processes and, together with numerical models, provide ocean forecasts. By sharing data, experiences and lessons learned, the regional ocean observatory is better than the sum of its parts. VL - 6 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00093 U1 - Regional Cabled Coastal Endurance U2 - ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Observing Needs in the Deep Ocean JF - Frontiers in Marine Science Y1 - 2019 A1 - Levin, Lisa A. A1 - Bett, Brian J. A1 - Gates, Andrew R. A1 - Heimbach, Patrick A1 - Howe, Bruce M. A1 - Janssen, Felix A1 - McCurdy, Andrea A1 - Ruhl, Henry A. A1 - Snelgrove, Paul A1 - Stocks, Karen I. A1 - Bailey, David A1 - Baumann-Pickering, Simone A1 - Beaverson, Chris A1 - Benfield, Mark C. A1 - Booth, David J. A1 - Carreiro-Silva, Marina A1 - Colaço, Ana A1 - Eblé, Marie C. A1 - Fowler, Ashley M. A1 - Gjerde, Kristina M. A1 - Jones, Daniel O. B. A1 - Katsumata, K. A1 - Kelley, Deborah A1 - Le Bris, Nadine A1 - Leonardi, Alan P. A1 - Lejzerowicz, Franck A1 - Macreadie, Peter I. A1 - McLean, Dianne A1 - Meitz, Fred A1 - Morato, Telmo A1 - Netburn, Amanda A1 - Pawlowski, Jan A1 - Smith, Craig R. A1 - Sun, Song A1 - Uchida, Hiroshi A1 - Vardaro, Michael F. A1 - Venkatesan, R. A1 - Weller, Robert A. KW - biodiversity KW - blue economy KW - deep sea KW - essential ocean variables KW - Ocean observation KW - ocean sensors AB - The deep ocean below 200 m water depth is the least observed, but largest habitat on our planet by volume and area. Over 150 years of exploration has revealed that this dynamic system provides critical climate regulation, houses a wealth of energy, mineral, and biological resources, and represents a vast repository of biological diversity. A long history of deep-ocean exploration and observation led to the initial concept for the Deep-Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS), under the auspices of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). Here we discuss the scientific need for globally integrated deep-ocean observing, its status, and the key scientific questions and societal mandates driving observing requirements over the next decade. We consider the Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) needed to address deep-ocean challenges within the physical, biogeochemical, and biological/ecosystem sciences according to the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO), and map these onto scientific questions. Opportunities for new and expanded synergies among deep-ocean stakeholders are discussed, including academic-industry partnerships with the oil and gas, mining, cable and fishing industries, the ocean exploration and mapping community, and biodiversity conservation initiatives. Future deep-ocean observing will benefit from the greater integration across traditional disciplines and sectors, achieved through demonstration projects and facilitated reuse and repurposing of existing deep-sea data efforts. We highlight examples of existing and emerging deep-sea methods and technologies, noting key challenges associated with data volume, preservation, standardization, and accessibility. Emerging technologies relevant to deep-ocean sustainability and the blue economy include novel genomics approaches, imaging technologies, and ultra-deep hydrographic measurements. Capacity building will be necessary to integrate capabilities into programs and projects at a global scale. Progress can be facilitated by Open Science and Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) data principles and converge on agreed to data standards, practices, vocabularies, and registries. We envision expansion of the deep-ocean observing community to embrace the participation of academia, industry, NGOs, national governments, international governmental organizations, and the public at large in order to unlock critical knowledge contained in the deep ocean over coming decades, and to realize the mutual benefits of thoughtful deep-ocean observing for all elements of a sustainable ocean. VL - 6 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00241 U1 - Regional Cabled U2 - ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Ocean Observatories Initiative JF - Frontiers in Marine Science Y1 - 2019 A1 - Trowbridge, John A1 - Weller, Robert A1 - Kelley, Deborah A1 - Dever, Edward A1 - Plueddemann, Albert A1 - Barth, John A. A1 - Kawka, Orest KW - biological oceanography KW - chemical oceanography KW - marine geology and geophysics KW - ocean engineering KW - ocean observing KW - physical oceanography AB - The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an integrated network that enables scientific investigation of interlinked physical, chemical, biological and geological processes throughout the global ocean. With near real-time data delivery via a common Cyberinfrastructure, the OOI instruments two contrasting ocean systems at three scales. The Regional Cabled Array instruments a tectonic plate and overlying ocean in the northeast Pacific, providing a permanent electro-optical cable connecting multiple seafloor nodes that provide high power and bandwidth to seafloor sensors and moorings with instrumented wire crawlers, all with speed-of-light interactive capabilities. Coastal arrays include the Pioneer Array, a relocatable system currently quantifying the New England shelf-break front, and the Endurance Array, a fixed system off Washington and Oregon with connections to the Regional Cabled Array. The Global Arrays host deep-ocean moorings and gliders to provide interdisciplinary measurements of the water column, mesoscale variability, and air-sea fluxes at critical high latitude locations. The OOI has unique aspects relevant to the international ocean observing community. The OOI uses common sensor types, verification protocols, and data formats across multiple platform types in diverse oceanographic regimes. OOI observing is sustained, with initial deployment in 2013 and 25 years of operation planned. The OOI is distributed among sites selected for scientific relevance based on community input and linked by important oceanographic processes. Scientific highlights include real-time observations of a submarine volcanic eruption, time-series observations of methane bubble plumes from Southern Hydrate Ridge off Oregon, observations of anomalous low-salinity pulses off Oregon, discovery of new mechanisms for intrusions of the Gulf Stream onto the shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight, documentation of deep winter convection in the Irminger Sea, and observations of extreme surface forcing at the most southerly surface mooring in the world ocean. VL - 6 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00074 U1 - All arrays U2 - ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Ocean Observatories Initiative JF - Oceanography Y1 - 2018 A1 - Smith, Leslie A1 - Barth, John A1 - Kelley, Deborah A1 - Plueddemann, Al A1 - Rodero, Ivan A1 - Ulses, Greg A1 - Vardaro, Michael A1 - Weller, Robert AB - The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an integrated suite of instrumented platforms and discrete instruments that measure physical, chemical, geological, and biological properties from the seafloor to the sea surface. The OOI provides data to address large-scale scientific challenges such as coastal ocean dynamics, climate and ecosystem health, the global carbon cycle, and linkages among seafloor volcanism and life. The OOI Cyberinfrastructure currently serves over 250 terabytes of data from the arrays. These data are freely available to users worldwide, changing the way scientists and the broader community interact with the ocean, and permitting ocean research and inquiry at scales of centimeters to kilometers and seconds to decades. VL - 31 U1 - All arrays U2 - ER -