@article {RN148,
	title = {Constraining Southern Ocean Air-Sea-Ice Fluxes Through Enhanced Observations},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {421},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Air-sea and air-sea-ice fluxes in the Southern Ocean play a critical role in global climate through their impact on the overturning circulation and oceanic heat and carbon uptake. The challenging conditions in the Southern Ocean have led to sparse spatial and temporal coverage of observations. This has led to a {\textquotedblleft}knowledge gap{\textquotedblright} that increases uncertainty in atmosphere and ocean dynamics and boundary-layer thermodynamic processes, impeding improvements in weather and climate models. Improvements will require both process-based research to understand the mechanisms governing air-sea exchange and a significant expansion of the observing system. This will improve flux parameterizations and reduce uncertainty associated with bulk formulae and satellite observations. Improved estimates spanning the full Southern Ocean will need to take advantage of ships, surface moorings, and the growing capabilities of autonomous platforms with robust and miniaturized sensors. A key challenge is to identify observing system sampling requirements. This requires models, Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs), and assessments of the specific spatial-temporal accuracy and resolution required for priority science and assessment of observational uncertainties of the mean state and direct flux measurements. Year-round, high-quality, quasi-continuous in situ flux measurements and observations of extreme events are needed to validate, improve and characterize uncertainties in blended reanalysis products and satellite data as well as to improve parameterizations. Building a robust observing system will require community consensus on observational methodologies, observational priorities, and effective strategies for data management and discovery.},
	keywords = {air-sea/air-sea-ice fluxes, climate, ocean{\textendash}atmosphere interaction, ocean{\textendash}ice interaction, Southern Ocean},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00421},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00421},
	author = {Swart, Sebastiaan and Gille, Sarah T. and Delille, Bruno and Josey, Simon and Mazloff, Matthew and Newman, Louise and Thompson, Andrew F. and Thomson, Jim and Ward, Brian and du Plessis, Marcel D. and Kent, Elizabeth C. and Girton, James and Gregor, Luke and Heil, Petra and Hyder, Patrick and Pezzi, Luciano Ponzi and de Souza, Ronald Buss and Tamsitt, Veronica and Weller, Robert A. and Zappa, Christopher J.}
}
@article {RN107,
	title = {Waves and Swells in High Wind and Extreme Fetches, Measurements in the Southern Ocean},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {361},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The generation and evolution of ocean waves by wind is one of the most complex phenomena in geophysics, and is of great practical significance. Predictive capabilities of respective wave models, however, are impaired by lack of field in situ observations, particularly in extreme Metocean conditions. The paper outlines and highlights important gaps in understanding the Metocean processes and suggests a major observational program in the Southern Ocean. This large, but poorly investigated part of the World Ocean is home to extreme weather around the year. The observational network would include distributed system of buoys (drifting and stationary) and autonomous surface vehicles (ASV), intended for measurements of waves and air-sea fluxes in the Southern Ocean. It would help to resolve the issues of limiting fetches, extreme Extra-Tropical cyclones, swell propagation and attenuation, wave-current interactions, and address the topics of wave-induced dispersal of floating objects, wave-ice interactions in the Marginal Ice Zone, Metocean climatology and its connection with the global climate.},
	keywords = {air-sea and air-sea-land interaction processes, extra-tropical anticyclones, extreme wave, wave fetch, wind wave and swell},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00361},
	author = {Babanin, Alexander V. and Rogers, W. Erick and de Camargo, Ricardo and Doble, Martin and Durrant, Tom and Filchuk, Kirill and Ewans, Kevin and Hemer, Mark and Janssen, Tim and Kelly-Gerreyn, Boris and MacHutchon, Keith and McComb, Peter and Qiao, Fangli and Schulz, Eric and Skvortsov, Alex and Thomson, Jim and Vichi, Marcello and Violante-Carvalho, Nelson and Wang, David and Waseda, Takuji and Williams, Greg and Young, Ian R.}
}
