@article {kokkos_hydrography_2023,
	title = {Hydrography and deep chlorophyll maximum patterns of the Athos Basin and the Thracian Sea continental shelf (North Aegean Sea) combining glider and satellite observations},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {262},
	year = {2023},
	month = {jun},
	pages = {105029},
	abstract = {This work focuses on the North Aegean Sea deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) dynamics, as revealed during the first glider mission over the continental shelf and slope of the Thracian Sea and along the Athos basin, and presents a conceptual model on the response of the DCM in relation to the prevailing stratification/mixing of the water column. Water temperature, conductivity, salinity, chlorophyll-a, CDOM, DO and particle backscatter data (bb700), were recorded during this underwater glider mission in summer 2019. Daily satellite data from Sentinel 3 complemented the glider collected data to validate the satellite-derived estimates of surface Chlorophyll-a levels. The high-resolution physical and chemical observations were analyzed emphasizing on thermal stratification, pycnocline strength, CDOM and dissolved oxygen vertical distribution and the presence of deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). DCM statistical characteristics were derived by fitting a Gaussian model on the chlorophyll-a profiles. The mean DCM was observed at 76~{\textpm}~14.5~m depth, located below the euphotic layer, estimated at 64~{\textpm}~2.1~m, with the water column dynamics affecting directly its depth, thickness and peak prominence. The satellite-derived chlorophyll-a, integrated within the euphotic layer, was found in fair agreement to the integrated chlorophyll-a values from surface to optical depth recorded by the glider. Chl-a at the DCM were found up to 0.60~mg~m-3, the vertically-integrated pigment content was estimated at 45~{\textpm}~14~mg~m-2 and the values of Optical Community Index (OCI) illustrate the dominance of small-sized plankton. The increased variability in the particulate backscattering coefficient bb700 in Thracian Sea shelf and slope deep waters seems related to sediment resuspension. CDOM levels increased from 0.76~ppb at the sea surface to 1.11~ppb at 40~m depth, being positively correlated to Chl-a within the DCM. CDOM concentration increased steadily at intermediate and deeper waters up to 1.34~{\textpm}~0.07~ppb. DO profiles revealed the presence of an oxycline in the DCM layer, capable to oxygenate the intermediate and deeper waters (+3~{\texttimes}~10-3~ml/L/m). Bottom DO in Athos basin was measured at 5.0~ml~L-1, indicating that the apparent oxygen utilization in Athos Basin is approximately 50~μmol~L-1.},
	keywords = {Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), Deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), Dissolved oxygen distribution, hydrography, North Aegean Sea},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2023.105029},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434323001061},
	author = {Kokkos, Nikolaos and Papadopoulou, Anastasia and Zachopoulos, Konstantinos and Zoidou, Maria and Beguery, Laurent and Margirier, F{\'e}lix and Sylaios, Georgios}
}
@article {danobeitia_role_2023,
	title = {The role of the marine research infrastructures in the European marine observation landscape: present and future perspectives},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2023},
	abstract = {The ocean regulates the exchange, storage of carbon dioxide, plays a key role in global control of Earth climate and life, absorbs most of the heat excess from greenhouse gas emissions and provides a remarkable number of resources for the human being. Most of the geo-hazards occur in oceanic areas. Thus, high-quality systematic observations are necessary tools for improving our understanding, and subsequent assimilation to provide early warning systems. A holistic scientific approach for the understanding of the ocean{\textquoteright}s interrelated processes requires coordinated and complementary monitoring and observation programmes. Research Infrastructures (RIs) are large-scale facilities that provide resources and services for the scientific communities to conduct high-level research and foster innovation. RIs benefit from strong governance and multi-annual funding from their member states with operational life spans in decades. RIs promote knowledge, outreach and education to public, private, and policy stakeholders, and they play a key role in enabling and developing research in all scientific domains and currently represent a growing share of coordinated investment in research, and also in providing essential observations to operational services such as Copernicus. They are strategically important for Europe to lead a global movement towards a data-driven, interconnected, open digital twin that brings together different disciplines, clean technologies, public and private sectors and a broad scientific/technological community, as well as education and training. In Europe several marine RIs have been established, which are maintained by national and European Union (EU) resources. The aims of these infrastructures are aligned with the key priorities of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development; and with the new European Research Area (ERA) Policy Agenda annexed to the Council conclusions on the ERA governance1, which set out 20 concrete actions for 2022-2024 to contribute to the priority areas defined in the EU Pact for R\&I2. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the combined expertise and assets of Europe{\textquoteright}s marine RIs can form a comprehensive and holistic framework for long-term, sustainable integrated marine observation. Through this integration process the marine RIs can become better and better a significant pillar of the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS). Such a framework must be built as part of interfaces of interaction and promote not only scientific excellence but also innovation at all levels.},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2023.1047251},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1047251},
	author = {Da{\~n}obeitia, Juan Jos{\'e} and Pouliquen, Sylvie and Pade, Nicolas and Arvanitidis, Christos and Sanders, Richard and Stanica, Adrian and Gourcuff, Claire and Petihakis, George and Tegas, Valentina and Favali, Paolo}
}
@inbook {de_rijke_scribble_2023,
	title = {Scribble on Screens and by Machines},
	booktitle = {The Untimely Art of Scribble},
	series = {Landscapes: the Arts, Aesthetics, and Education},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {163{\textendash}194},
	publisher = {Springer Nature},
	organization = {Springer Nature},
	address = {Singapore},
	abstract = {This chapter explores examples of both {\textquoteleft}deep{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}shallow{\textquoteright} screen scribbles, without intending a positive or negative value judgement on either. Scribble features on screen from the first robots, television, video and digital experiments, both as {\textquoteleft}deep,{\textquoteright} unanswered experiments questioning human consciousness, sensory perception, meaning or understanding, as well as what could be considered more {\textquoteleft}shallow{\textquoteright} entertaining forays, offering answers into what might be meant by the art of play, creativity or imagination. In this chapter, scribble{\textquoteright}s contribution to a greater understanding of perception are explored via the phenomena of synaesthesia and flux. It marshals evidence against the notion of a disembodied mind for the {\textquoteleft}spatial orientation{\textquoteright} of human experience, such as {\textquoteleft}on{\textendash}off, deep-shallow, central-peripheral{\textquoteright} as meaning that {\textquoteleft}traffics in patterns, images, qualities, feelings and eventually concepts and prepositions{\textquoteright}. Scribble -in flux on screen and by machines- is one of those meaning patterns.},
	isbn = {978-981-9921-46-1},
	doi = {10.1007/978-981-99-2146-1_7},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2146-1_7},
	author = {de Rijke, Victoria}
}
@article {briciu-burghina_sensors_2023,
	title = {Sensors for Coastal and Ocean Monitoring},
	journal = {Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-091922-085746},
	pages = {451{\textendash}469},
	abstract = {In situ water monitoring sensors are critical to gain an understanding of ocean biochemistry and ecosystem health. They enable the collection of high-frequency data and capture ecosystem spatial and temporal changes, which in turn facilitate long-term global predictions. They are used as decision support tools in emergency situations and for risk mitigation, pollution source tracking, and regulatory monitoring. Advanced sensing platforms exist to support various monitoring needs together with state-of-the-art power and communication capabilities. To be fit-for-purpose, sensors must withstand the challenging marine environment and provide data at an acceptable cost. Significant technological advancements have catalyzed the development of new and improved sensors for coastal and oceanographic applications. Sensors are becoming smaller, smarter, more cost-effective, and increasingly specialized and diversified. This article, therefore, provides a review of the state-of-the art oceanographic and coastal sensors. Progress in sensor development is discussed in terms of performance and the key strategies used for achieving robustness, marine rating, cost reduction, and antifouling protection.},
	keywords = {biofouling, coastal monitoring, in situ sensors, Oceanography, review, sensor networks},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-anchem-091922-085746},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-091922-085746},
	author = {Briciu-Burghina, Ciprian and Power, Sean and Delgado, Adrian and Regan, Fiona}
}
@inbook {lubchenco_technology_2023,
	title = {Technology, Data and New Models for Sustainably Managing Ocean Resources},
	booktitle = {The Blue Compendium: From Knowledge to Action for a Sustainable Ocean Economy},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {185{\textendash}211},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {We are in the middle of an explosion in new data on the ocean, creating enormous potential for advances in our understanding and stewardship of ocean resources. An exponential increase in the number and variety of ocean observing systems and other new data sources has created the prospect of a digital ocean ecosystem. Advances in processing techniques and visualisation are rapidly expanding our ability to extract information from those data, and are enabling a wide array of tools to provide real-time information in actionable form to decision-makers, such as policymakers, resource managers, resource users, consumers and citizens.},
	isbn = {978-3-031-16277-0},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_6},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_6},
	author = {Lubchenco, Jane and Haugan, Peter M.},
	editor = {Lubchenco, Jane and Haugan, Peter M.}
}
@article {RN206,
	title = {The Importance of Marine Research Infrastructures in Capturing Processes and Impacts of Extreme Events},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {08},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {626668},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Extreme events have long been underestimated in the extent to which they shape the surface of our planet, our environment, its ecological integrity, and the sustainability of human society. Extreme events are by definition rarely observed, of significant impact and, as a result of their spatiotemporal range, not always easily predicted. Extremes may be short-term catastrophic events such as tsunamis, or long-term evolving events such as those linked to climate change; both modify the environment, producing irreversible changes or regime shifts. Whatever the driver that triggers the extreme event, the damages are often due to a combination of several processes and their impacts can affect large areas with secondary events (domino effect), whose effects in turn may persist well beyond the duration of the trigger event itself. Early studies of extreme events were limited to opportunistic approaches: observations were made within the context of naturally occurring events with high societal impact. Given that climate change is now moving us out of a relatively static climate regime during the development of human civilization, extreme events are now a function of underlying climate shifts overlain by catastrophic processes. Their impacts are often due to synergistic factors, all relevant in understanding process dynamics; therefore, an integrated methodology has become essential to enhance the reliability of new assessments and to develop strategies to mitigate societal impacts. Here we summarize the current state of extreme event monitoring in the marine system, highlighting the advantages of a multidisciplinary approach using Research Infrastructures for providing the temporal and spatial resolution required to monitor Earth processes and enhance assessment of associated impacts.},
	keywords = {international cooperation, interoperability, marine extreme events, monitoring, multidisciplinary, research infrastructures},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2021.626668},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1136473721 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.626668/pdf},
	author = {Bue, Nadia Lo and Best, Mairi M. R. and Embriaco, Davide and Abeysirigunawardena, Dilumie and Beranzoli, Laura and Dewey, Richard K. and Favali, Paolo and Feng, Ming and Heesemann, Martin and Leijala, Ulpu and {\'O}{\textquoteright}Conchubhair, Diarmuid and Scherwath, Martin and Scoccimarro, Enrico and Wernberg, Thomas}
}
@article {RN208,
	title = {Leveraging user access patterns and advanced cyberinfrastructure to accelerate data delivery from shared-use scientific observatories},
	journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {With the growing number and increasing availability of shared-use instruments and observatories, observational data is becoming an essential part of application workflows and contributor to scientific discoveries in a range of disciplines. However, the corresponding growth in the number of users accessing these facilities coupled with the expansion in the scale and variety of the data, is making it challenging for these facilities to ensure their data can be accessed, integrated, and analyzed in a timely manner, and is resulting significant demands on their cyberinfrastructure (CI).

In this paper, we present the design of a push-based data delivery framework that leverages emerging in-network capabilities, along with data pre-fetching techniques based on a hybrid data management model. Specifically, we analyze data access traces for two large-scale observatories, Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) and Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (GAGE), to identify typical user access patterns and to develop a model that can be used for data pre-fetching. Furthermore, we evaluate our data pre-fetching model and the proposed framework using a simulation of the Virtual Data Collaboratory (VDC) platform that provides in-network data staging and processing capabilities. The results demonstrate that the ability of the framework to significantly improve data delivery performance and reduce network traffic at the observatories{\textquoteright} facilities.},
	keywords = {Cyberinfrastructure, Data pre-fetching, Distributed data sharing, Distributed facilities, Observatories, Virtual Data Collaboratory},
	doi = {10.1016/j.future.2021.03.004},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1136656679},
	author = {Qin, Yubo and Rodero, Ivan and Simonet, Anthony and Meertens, Charles and Reiner, Daniel and Riley, James and Parashar, Manish}
}
@article {RN240,
	title = {A new era of digitalisation for ocean sustainability?},
	journal = {OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers},
	year = {2021},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {As the United Nations Decade on Ocean Science for Sustainable Development begins, this paper explores recent and likely future digital technologies - especially in the field of ocean observation - that will contribute to ocean sustainability. It examines advances that could lead to substantial improvements in the data collection and analysis of the impact of climate change and human activity on marine ecosystems, while also contributing to the monitoring and reduction of the ecological footprint of ocean-related economic activity. The paper also provides preliminary reflections on how the COVID-19 pandemic might affect digitalisation in the ocean economy, and what strategies could help support ocean research and innovation during and after the crisis.},
	doi = {10.1787/a4734a65-en},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1137801627},
	author = {Stevens, Barrie and Jolly, Claire and Jolliffe, James}
}
@article {RN239,
	title = {A review of 20 years (1999{\textendash}2019) of Turkish{\textendash}French collaboration in marine geoscience research in the Sea of Marmara},
	journal = {Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews},
	volume = {3},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {3-27},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This paper retraces the history and main achievements of the ongoing Turkish{\textendash}French collaboration in marine geoscience research in the Sea of Marmara, which was initiated in the aftermath of the 1999, Izmit and Duzce earthquakes. The collaboration resulted in nine large oceanographic cruises along with six recovery operations involving diverse vessels, and in the participation in two major EU-funded programmes (ESONET-NoE and MARSITE) and to one bilateral project, e.g. the MAREGAMI Project, co-funded by TUBITAK and ANR (the Turkish and French national funding agencies for research, respectively). In this paper, we review the major scientific contributions on the tectonic evolution of the North-Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Region; on the relationships between faulting, seismicity, fluids and ecosystems; and on paleo-seismology and paleo-oceanography in the Sea of Marmara.},
	doi = {10.1007/s42990-021-00055-8},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1137743967},
	author = {G{\'e}li, Louis and Henry, Pierre and {\c C}a{\u g}atay, M. Namik}
}
@article {RN202,
	title = {A Review of Holography in the Aquatic Sciences: In situ Characterization of Particles, Plankton, and Small Scale Biophysical Interactions},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {572147},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The characterization of particle and plankton populations, as well as microscale biophysical interactions, is critical to several important research areas in oceanography and limnology. A growing number of aquatic researchers are turning to holography as a tool of choice to quantify particle fields in diverse environments, including but not limited to, studies on particle orientation, thin layers, phytoplankton blooms, and zooplankton distributions and behavior. Holography provides a non-intrusive, free-stream approach to imaging and characterizing aquatic particles, organisms, and behavior in situ at high resolution through a 3-D sampling volume. Compared to other imaging techniques, e.g., flow cytometry, much larger volumes of water can be processed over the same duration, resolving particle sizes ranging from a few microns to a few centimeters. Modern holographic imaging systems are compact enough to be deployed through various modes, including profiling/towed platforms, buoys, gliders, long-term observatories, or benthic landers. Limitations of the technique include the data-intensive hologram acquisition process, computationally expensive image reconstruction, and coherent noise associated with the holograms that can make post-processing challenging. However, continued processing refinements, rapid advancements in computing power, and development of powerful machine learning algorithms for particle/organism classification are paving the way for holography to be used ubiquitously across different disciplines in the aquatic sciences. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of holography in the context of aquatic studies, including historical developments, prior research applications, as well as advantages and limitations of the technique. Ongoing technological developments that can facilitate larger employment of this technique toward in situ measurements in the future, as well as potential applications in emerging research areas in the aquatic sciences are also discussed.},
	keywords = {biophysical interactions, holography, particle interactions, particle patchiness, plankton distributions, plankton imaging, underwater imaging},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2020.572147},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1134785939 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.572147/pdf},
	author = {Nayak, Aditya R. and Malkiel, Ed and McFarland, Malcolm N. and Twardowski, Michael S. and Sullivan, James M.}
}
@article {RN182,
	title = {Building the integrated observational network of {\textquotedblleft}Transparent Ocean{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = {Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)},
	volume = {65},
	number = {25},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {2654-2661},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {We live in an exciting era for ocean science, particularly when compared to three decades ago when the ocean was vastly underexplored. Progress can only be made through discovery, observation, understanding of the ocean from the surface to the deep sea, from global to local processes, and from physics, biogeochemistry to ecology. Ocean observation is the basis of oceanic scientific research and is a key to global competition in marine science and technology. Breakthroughs depend on innovation in marine observation and exploration technology. Based on the current frontier issues of ocean science, we report ways to build a three-dimensional observation network of {\textquotedblleft}Transparent Ocean{\textquotedblright}. The network will effectively promote China{\textquoteright}s construction of an international collaborative innovation network for marine science. The three-dimensional observation network {\textquotedblleft}Transparent Ocean{\textquotedblright} focuses on building an intelligent mobile platform and integrates satellites, fixed platforms, vessel network, and submarine observation systems to make the oceans truly transparent. This network includes four sub-programs. (1) An Ocean Star Cluster Program, which resolves ocean variability at sub-meso and sub-week scales with a centimeter-level accuracy, to partially reveal the marine life system and ecosystem with a 10-m vertical interval in the euphotic layer, moving a significant step forward towards a {\textquotedblleft}Transparent Ocean{\textquotedblright} down to the vicinity of thermocline both dynamically and bio-optically. (2) An Air-Sea Interface Program, which aims to build an observational network that integrates fixed and mobile platforms to achieve a three-dimensional view of key elements/variables of the air-sea interface. (3) A Starry Deep Sea Program, which builds a deep sea observation system with deep Argo, deep gliders, deep-sea autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), intelligent buoys, and other facilities. The system will provide support for information procurement through deep sea navigation and positioning technology. (4) An Undersea Perspective Program, which integrates seabed observation network, communication, navigation and positioning, with intelligent charging technologies to build an intelligent exploration network from water to the seabed. In addition, there is a Deep Blue Brain Project, which will build a marine internet of things with the goal to enhance the ability of intelligent services from data to customers. To date, breakthroughs have been made in research and development of cutting-edge marine technologies, providing new means for ocean observation and exploration. With respect to the ocean observation network, China has built a pilot mooring network with over one hundred sub-surface moorings and almost ten surface buoys in the western Pacific, South China Sea and the Indian Ocean over the past decade. In the next decade, it is essential to integrate observations, process studies and prediction/projection, so as to meet multiple demands of end users.},
	keywords = {marine observation and exploration technology, three-dimensional observation network, Transparent Ocean, transparent state},
	doi = {10.1360/tb-2020-0558},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1130540202},
	author = {Wu, Lixin and Chen, Zhaohui and Lin, Xiaopei and Liu, Yongzheng}
}
@article {RN175,
	title = {Disentangling knowledge production and data production},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	volume = {11},
	number = {7},
	year = {2020},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {With today{\textquoteright}s increasing attention to open science and open data, knowledge production and data production have significant impacts on both research and policy arenas. We scrutinize the concept of data production in relation to knowledge production in the earth and environmental sciences. We present three empirical cases that illustrate issues arising when knowledge production and data production as interdependent but distinct processes are not clear in the mind of researchers and policymakers. A two-stream model is developed that highlights their interplay yet avoids the conflation of knowledge and data production. This approach highlights knowledge and data in terms of processes rather than stable objects or assets. Further, we suggest that considering knowledge and data production in relation to their development by communities rather than as commodities helps in understanding the debates and issues that arise in contemporary research practice.},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.3191},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1129380574 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3191},
	author = {Baker, Karen S. and Mayernik, Matthew S.}
}
@article {RN199,
	title = {The evolution of biogeochemistry: revisited},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1-41},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The evolution of biogeochemistry, retraces the important historical steps in part, covered by Gorham (Biogeochemistry 13:199{\textendash}239, 1991) in the 18{\textendash}19th centuries{\textemdash}with new emergent linkages and trends in 20{\textendash}21st centuries. In the post-phlogiston period, key synthetic connections are made between weathering, atmospheric chemistry, carbon cycling, and climate change. Early work in the 19th century, focused on weathering and the importance of organisms in the exchange of carbon dioxide between the rocks and the atmosphere, provided foundations for new analytical approaches. The role microbes in connecting abiotic and biotic processes begins to emerge, based largely on the existing knowledge of stoichiometry in agricultural soils and plants. This in part, leads to the founding of ecology and its linkages with evolution and biogeography. Verandsky boldly emerges in the 20th century, with his concepts of a biosphere and a noosphere, as concerns begin to arise about human impacts on nature. The development of organic geochemistry as a discipline, allowed for new roots to develop in the evolution of biogeochemistry through linkages between short and long-term carbon cycles. In the 20th century, a new interesting stoichiometry emerges in biogeochemistry{\textemdash}as related to the Green Revolution, human population growth, and eutrophication problems. The advent of long-term and large-scale experiments help to constrain the complexity of non-linearity and regional differences in fluxes and rates in biogeochemical work. A new age begins in the 21st century whereby molecular approaches (e.g. omics) combined with large-scale satellite, monitoring, survey, observatory approaches are combined in the development of Earth System models. These new connections with ecological/evolutionary genetics are one of the more dramatic and important aspects of biogeochemistry in modern times.

},
	keywords = {Biogeochemistry, Earth science, Ecology, Evolution geochemistry, Global change},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-020-00708-0},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1132940992 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10533-020-00708-0.pdf},
	author = {Bianchi, Thomas S.}
}
@article {RN136,
	title = {The Hierarchic Treatment of Marine Ecological Information from Spatial Networks of Benthic Platforms},
	journal = {Sensors},
	volume = {20},
	number = {6},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1751},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Measuring biodiversity simultaneously in different locations, at different temporal scales, and over wide spatial scales is of strategic importance for the improvement of our understanding of the functioning of marine ecosystems and for the conservation of their biodiversity. Monitoring networks of cabled observatories, along with other docked autonomous systems (e.g., Remotely Operated Vehicles [ROVs], Autonomous Underwater Vehicles [AUVs], and crawlers), are being conceived and established at a spatial scale capable of tracking energy fluxes across benthic and pelagic compartments, as well as across geographic ecotones. At the same time, optoacoustic imaging is sustaining an unprecedented expansion in marine ecological monitoring, enabling the acquisition of new biological and environmental data at an appropriate spatiotemporal scale. At this stage, one of the main problems for an effective application of these technologies is the processing, storage, and treatment of the acquired complex ecological information. Here, we provide a conceptual overview on the technological developments in the multiparametric generation, storage, and automated hierarchic treatment of biological and environmental information required to capture the spatiotemporal complexity of a marine ecosystem. In doing so, we present a pipeline of ecological data acquisition and processing in different steps and prone to automation. We also give an example of population biomass, community richness and biodiversity data computation (as indicators for ecosystem functionality) with an Internet Operated Vehicle (a mobile crawler). Finally, we discuss the software requirements for that automated data processing at the level of cyber-infrastructures with sensor calibration and control, data banking, and ingestion into large data portals.},
	keywords = {artificial intelligence, cabled observatories, crawler, cyber-infrastructures, data banking, ecological indicators, ecological information treatment, imaging},
	doi = {10.3390/s20061751},
	author = {Aguzzi, Jacopo and Chatzievangelou, Damianos and Francescangeli, Marco and Marini, Simone and Bonofiglio, Federico and del Rio, Joaquin and Danovaro, Roberto}
}
@article {RN172,
	title = {Obsea: A Decadal Balance for a Cabled Observatory Deployment},
	journal = {IEEE Access},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {33163-33177},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The study of the effects of climate change on the marine environment requires the existence of sufficiently long time series of key parameters. The study of these series allows both to characterize the range of variability in each particular region and to detect trends or changes that could be attributed to anthropogenic causes. For this reason, networks of permanent cabled observation systems are being deployed in the ocean. This paper presents a balance of a decade of activity at the OBSEA cabled observatory, as an example of ocean monitoring success and drawbacks. It is not the objective of this article to analyze the scientific and technical aspects already presented by the authors in different publications (Table 4). We will evaluate the overall experience by retracing the different steps of infrastructure deployment and maintenance, focusing on routines for in situ control, damages experienced, breakdowns and administrative constraints by local administrations. We will conclude by providing a set of guidelines to improve cabled observatories scientific outreach, societal projection, and economic efficiency. As a result of this work, a 10-years dataset has been published in Pangaea that is available for the community.},
	keywords = {Europe, Instruments, monitoring, Observatories, Oceans, Sea measurements, Underwater cables},
	doi = {10.1109/access.2020.2973771},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1125026314 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08998177.pdf},
	author = {Del-Rio, Joaquin and Nogueras, Marc and Toma, Daniel Mihai and Mart{\'\i}nez, Enoc and Artero-Delgado, Carola and Bghiel, Ikram and Martinez, Marc and Cadena, Javier and Garcia-Benadi, Albert and Sarria, David and Aguzzi, Jacopo and Masmitja, Ivan and Carandell, Matias and Olive, Joaquim and Gomariz, Spartacus and Santamaria, Pep and L{\`a}zaro, Antoni M{\`a}nuel}
}
@article {RN171,
	title = {Ocean Observation Technologies: A Review},
	journal = {Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {32},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Covering about three quarters of the surface area of the earth, the ocean is a critical source of sustenance, medicine, and commerce. However, such vast expanse in both surface area and depth, presents myriad observing challenges for researchers, such as corrosion, attenuation of electromagnetic waves, and high pressure. Ocean observation technologies are progressing from the conventional single node, static and short-term modalities to multiple nodes, dynamic and long-term modalities, to increase the density of both temporal and spatial samplings. Although people{\textquoteright}s knowledge of the oceans has been still quite limited, the contributions of many nations cooperating to develop the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) have remarkably promoted the development of ocean observing technologies. This paper reviews the typical observing technologies deployed from the sea surface to the seafloor, and discusses the future trend of the ocean observation systems with the docking technology and sustained ocean energy.

},
	keywords = {Docking, observatory, Ocean energyl AUV, Ocean observation, Recharging, Sampling, Underwater},
	doi = {10.1186/s10033-020-00449-z},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1126707055 https://cjme.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s10033-020-00449-z},
	author = {Lin, Mingwei and Yang, Canjun}
}
@article {RN189,
	title = {Open Data, Collaborative Working Platforms, and Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Building an Early Career Scientist Community of Practice to Leverage Ocean Observatories Initiative Data to Address Critical Questions in Marine Science},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Ocean observing systems are well-recognized as platforms for long-term monitoring of near-shore and remote locations in the global ocean. High-quality observatory data is freely available and accessible to all members of the global oceanographic community{\textemdash}a democratization of data that is particularly useful for early career scientists (ECS), enabling ECS to conduct research independent of traditional funding models or access to laboratory and field equipment. The concurrent collection of distinct data types with relevance for oceanographic disciplines including physics, chemistry, biology, and geology yields a unique incubator for cutting-edge, timely, interdisciplinary research. These data are both an opportunity and an incentive for ECS to develop the computational skills and collaborative relationships necessary to interpret large data sets. Here, we use observatory data to demonstrate the potential for these interdisciplinary approaches by presenting a case study on the water-column response to anomalous atmospheric events (i.e., major storms) on the shelf of the Mid-Atlantic Bight southwest of Cape Cod, United States. Using data from the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Pioneer Array, we applied a simple data mining method to identify anomalous atmospheric events over a four-year period. Two closely occurring storm events in late 2018 were then selected to explore the dynamics of water-column response using mooring data from across the array. The comprehensive ECS knowledge base and computational skill sets allowed identification of data issues in the OOI data streams and technologically sound characterization of data from multiple sensor packages to broadly characterize ocean-atmosphere interactions. An ECS-driven approach that emphasizes collaborative and interdisciplinary working practices adds significant value to existing datasets and programs such as OOI and has the potential to produce meaningful scientific advances. Future success in utilizing ocean observatory data requires continued investment in ECS education, collaboration, and research; in turn, the ECS community provides feedback, develops knowledge, and builds new tools to enhance the value of ocean observing systems. These findings present an argument for building a community of practice to augment ECS ocean scientist skills and foster collaborations to extend the context, reach, and societal utility of ocean science.},
	keywords = {big data, COVID-19 pandemic, data mining, early career researchers, middle Atlantic bight, ocean observing, ocean response, remote collaboration},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2020.593512},
	author = {Levine, R. M. and Fogaren, K. E. and Rudzin, J. E. and Russoniello, C. J. and Soule, D. C. and Whitaker, J. M.}
}
@article {RN168,
	title = {Project EDDIE: Using Real Data in Science Classrooms},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2020},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2020.201},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1126889237 https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/33-2_soule.pdf},
	author = {College, Queens and Soule, Dax}
}
@article {RN178,
	title = {Reviews and syntheses: Bacterial bioluminescence {\textendash} ecology and impact in the biological carbon pump},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	volume = {17},
	number = {14},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {3757-3778},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Around 30 species of marine bacteria can emit light, a critical characteristic in the oceanic environment is mostly deprived of sunlight. In this article, we first review current knowledge on bioluminescent bacteria symbiosis in light organs. Then, focusing on gut-associated bacteria, we highlight that recent works, based on omics methods, confirm previous claims about the prominence of bioluminescent bacterial species in fish guts. Such host{\textendash}symbiont relationships are relatively well-established and represent important knowledge in the bioluminescence field. However, the consequences of bioluminescent bacteria continuously released from light organs and through the digestive tracts to the seawater have been barely taken into account at the ecological and biogeochemical level. For too long neglected, we propose considering the role of bioluminescent bacteria and reconsidering the biological carbon pump, taking into account the bioluminescence effect ({\textquotedblleft}bioluminescence shunt hypothesis{\textquotedblright}). Indeed, it has been shown that marine snow and fecal pellets are often luminous due to microbial colonization, which makes them a visual target. These luminous particles seem preferentially consumed by organisms of higher trophic levels in comparison to nonluminous ones. As a consequence, the sinking rate of consumed particles could be either increased (due to repackaging) or reduced (due to sloppy feeding or coprophagy/coprorhexy), which can imply a major impact on global biological carbon fluxes. Finally, we propose a strategy, at a worldwide scale, relying on recently developed instrumentation and methodological tools to quantify the impact of bioluminescent bacteria in the biological carbon pump.},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-17-3757-2020},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1129413438 https://www.biogeosciences.net/17/3757/2020/bg-17-3757-2020.pdf},
	author = {Tanet, Lisa and Martini, S{\'e}verine and Casalot, Laurie and Tamburini, Christian}
}
@article {RN126,
	title = {USING AUTHENTIC DATA FROM NSF{\textquoteright}S OCEAN OBSERVATORIES INTIATIVE IN UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING An Invitation},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {62-73},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {There are many benefits to using real data in undergraduate science education, including building analytical and problem-solving skills and visualizing concepts through real-world examples. The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) provides a unique source of continuous, long-term oceanographic data from multiple locations in the world ocean. Each of these arrays hosts a suite of co-located instruments that measure physical, chemical, geological, and biological properties. Existing educational resources derived from OOI data can be leveraged for undergraduate teaching activities in and beyond the classroom. We provide example applications of the use of OOI resources in lesson plans and in research experiences for undergraduates. There are also abundant opportunities for new resources to be developed by the community. Our goal is to guide educators in determining appropriate OOI data sets and applications for their own needs.

},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2020.103},
	author = {Greengrove, C. and Lichtenwalner, C. S. and Palevsky, H. I. and Pfeiffer-Herbert, A. and Severmann, S. and Soule, D. and Murphy, S. and Smith, L. M. and Yarincik, K.}
}
@article {RN106,
	title = {Advances in Software-Defined Technologies for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks: A Survey},
	journal = {Journal of Sensors},
	volume = {2019},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1-13},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) are an important technical means to explore the ocean realm. However, most UASNs rely on hardware infrastructures with poor flexibility and versatility. The systems typically deploy in a redundant manner, which not only leads to waste but also causes serious signal interference due to multiple noises in designated underwater regions. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a novel network paradigm, which provides an innovative approach to improve flexibility and reduce development risks greatly. Although SDN and UASNs are hot topics, there are currently few studies built on both. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review on the advances in software-defined UASNs. First, we briefly present the background, and then we review the progress of the Software-Defined Radio (SDR), Cognitive Radio (CR), and SDN. Next, we introduce the current issues and potential research areas. Finally, we conclude the paper and present discussions. Based on this work, we hope to inspire more active studies and take a further step on software-defined UASNs with high performances.},
	doi = {10.1155/2019/3470390},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1111396995 http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2019/3470390.pdf},
	author = {Wang, Jianping and Kong, Dechuan and Chen, Wei and Zhang, Shujing}
}
@article {RN112,
	title = {Developing Autonomous Observing Systems for Micronutrient Trace Metals},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {35},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Trace metal micronutrients are integral to the functioning of marine ecosystems and the export of particulate carbon to the deep ocean. Although much progress has been made in mapping the distributions of metal micronutrients throughout the ocean over the last 30 years, there remain information gaps, most notable during seasonal transitions and in remote regions. The next challenge is to develop in situ sensing technologies necessary to capture the spatial and temporal variabilities of micronutrients characterized with short residence times, highly variable source terms, and sub-nanomolar concentrations in open ocean settings. Such an effort will allow investigation of the biogeochemical processes at the necessary resolution to constrain fluxes, residence times, and the biological and chemical responses to varying metal inputs in a changing ocean. Here, we discuss the current state of the art and analytical challenges associated with metal micronutrient determinations and highlight existing and emerging technologies, namely in situ chemical analyzers, electrochemical sensors, passive preconcentration samplers, and autonomous trace metal clean samplers, which could form the basis of autonomous observing systems for trace metals within the next decade. We suggest that several existing assets can already be deployed in regions of enhanced metal concentrations and argue that, upon further development, a combination of wet chemical analyzers with electrochemical sensors may provide the best compromise between analytical precision, detection limits, metal speciation, and longevity for autonomous open ocean determinations. To meet this goal, resources must be invested to: (1) improve the sensitivity of existing sensors including the development of novel chemical assays; (2) reduce sensor size and power requirements; (3) develop an open-source {\textquotedblleft}Do-It-Yourself{\textquotedblright} infrastructure to facilitate sensor development, uptake by end-users and foster a mechanism by which scientists can rapidly adapt commercially available technologies to in situ applications; and (4) develop a community-led standardized protocol to demonstrate the endurance and comparability of in situ sensor data with established techniques. Such a vision will be best served through ongoing collaborations between trace metal geochemists, analytical chemists, the engineering community, and commercial partners, which will accelerate the delivery of new technologies for in situ metal sensing in the decade following OceanObs{\textquoteright}19.},
	keywords = {GEOTRACES, in situ chemical analyzers, in situ sensors, micronutrients, ocean observing time series, OceanObs{\textquoteright}19, trace metals},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00035},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00035},
	author = {Grand, Maxime M. and Laes-Huon, Agathe and Fietz, Susanne and Resing, Joseph A. and Obata, Hajime and Luther, George W. and Tagliabue, Alessandro and Achterberg, Eric P. and Middag, Rob and Tovar-S{\'a}nchez, Antonio and Bowie, Andrew R.}
}
@article {RN119,
	title = {Joint effort among research infrastructures to quantify the impact of plastic debris in the ocean},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {14},
	number = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {065001},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Marine debris is one of the most significant problems facing the marine environment, endangering wildlife, polluting oceans and is an issue which holds global significance. Plastics constitute a large proportion of marine debris, and their persistence can cause a number of negative consequences for biota and the environment, including entanglement and ingestion, which can lead to mortality. Most plastics never biodegrade and instead break down into smaller pieces which are more difficult to monitor and eventually become so small (micro and nanoplastics), that they are challenging to observe or intercept in the ocean. Marine-based Research Infrastructures (RIs) monitor several environmental parameters and are situated around the globe; however, none of these are routinely monitoring marine debris or plastics. Currently, the only infrastructures in place with regard to marine debris are {\textquoteright}physical debris interception infrastructure{\textquoteright} in the form of barriers constructed to prevent marine debris from entering the ocean. Several knowledge gaps and restraints exist within current in situ infrastructure including technological immaturity, diverse methodologies and lack of data harmonisation. Nevertheless, marine RIs could monitor microplastics within the water column on a long-term basis and initial steps towards developing technology are promising.},
	issn = {1748-9326},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab17ed},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab17ed},
	author = {Conchubhair, Diarmuid {\'O} and Fitzhenry, Deirdre and Lusher, Amy and King, Andrew L. and van Emmerik, Tim and Lebreton, Laurent and Ricaurte-Villota, Constanza and Espinosa, Luisa and O{\textquoteright}Rourke, Eleanor}
}
@article {RN76,
	title = {Lessons Learned From the United States Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {494},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is a United States National Science Foundation-funded major research facility that provides continuous observations of the ocean and seafloor from coastal and open ocean locations in the Atlantic and Pacific. Multiple cycles of OOI infrastructure deployment, recovery, and refurbishment have occurred since operations began in 2014. This heterogeneous ocean observing infrastructure with multidisciplinary sampling in important but challenging locations has provided new scientific and engineering insights into the operation of a sustained ocean observing system. This paper summarizes the challenges, successes, and failures experienced to date and shares recommendations on best practices that will be of benefit to the global ocean observing community.},
	keywords = {best practices, equipment testing, lessons learned, ocean observing, technology development},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2018.00494},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00494},
	author = {Smith, Leslie M. and Yarincik, Kristen and Vaccari, Liana and Kaplan, Maxwell B. and Barth, John A. and Cram, Geoffrey S. and Fram, Jonathan P. and Harrington, Michael and Kawka, Orest E. and Kelley, Deborah S. and Matthias, Paul and Newhall, Kristopher and Palanza, Matthew and Plueddemann, Albert J. and Vardaro, Michael F. and White, Sheri N. and Weller, Robert Andrew}
}
@article {RN69,
	title = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {74},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an integrated network that enables scientific investigation of interlinked physical, chemical, biological and geological processes throughout the global ocean. With near real-time data delivery via a common Cyberinfrastructure, the OOI instruments two contrasting ocean systems at three scales. The Regional Cabled Array instruments a tectonic plate and overlying ocean in the northeast Pacific, providing a permanent electro-optical cable connecting multiple seafloor nodes that provide high power and bandwidth to seafloor sensors and moorings with instrumented wire crawlers, all with speed-of-light interactive capabilities. Coastal arrays include the Pioneer Array, a relocatable system currently quantifying the New England shelf-break front, and the Endurance Array, a fixed system off Washington and Oregon with connections to the Regional Cabled Array. The Global Arrays host deep-ocean moorings and gliders to provide interdisciplinary measurements of the water column, mesoscale variability, and air-sea fluxes at critical high latitude locations. The OOI has unique aspects relevant to the international ocean observing community. The OOI uses common sensor types, verification protocols, and data formats across multiple platform types in diverse oceanographic regimes. OOI observing is sustained, with initial deployment in 2013 and 25 years of operation planned. The OOI is distributed among sites selected for scientific relevance based on community input and linked by important oceanographic processes. Scientific highlights include real-time observations of a submarine volcanic eruption, time-series observations of methane bubble plumes from Southern Hydrate Ridge off Oregon, observations of anomalous low-salinity pulses off Oregon, discovery of new mechanisms for intrusions of the Gulf Stream onto the shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight, documentation of deep winter convection in the Irminger Sea, and observations of extreme surface forcing at the most southerly surface mooring in the world ocean.

},
	keywords = {biological oceanography, chemical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics, ocean engineering, ocean observing, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00074},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00074},
	author = {Trowbridge, John and Weller, Robert and Kelley, Deborah and Dever, Edward and Plueddemann, Albert and Barth, John A. and Kawka, Orest}
}
@article {RN216,
	title = {Ocean Time Series Observations of Changing Marine Ecosystems: An Era of Integration, Synthesis, and Societal Applications},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {393},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Sustained ocean time series are critical for characterizing marine ecosystem shifts in a time of accelerating, and at times unpredictable, changes. They represent the only means to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic forcings, and are the best tools to explore causal links and implications for human communities that depend on ocean resources. Since the inception of sustained ocean observations, ocean time series have withstood many challenges, most prominently availability of uninterrupted funding and retention of trained personnel. This OceanObs{\textquoteright}19 review article provides an overarching vision for sustained ocean time series observations for the next decade, focusing on the growing challenges of maintaining sustained ocean time series, including ship-based and autonomous coastal and open-ocean platforms, as well as remote sensing. In addition to increased diversification of funding sources to include the private sector, NGOs, and other groups, more effective engagement of stakeholders and other end-users will be critical to ensure the sustainability of ocean time series programs. Building a cohesive international time series network will require dedicated capacity to coordinate across observing programs and leverage existing infrastructure and platforms of opportunity. This review article outlines near-term observing priorities and technology needs; explores potential mechanisms to broaden ocean time series data applications and end-user communities; and describes current tools and future requirements for managing increasingly complex multi-platform data streams and developing synthesis products that support science and society. The actionable recommendations outlined herein ultimately form the basis for a robust, sustainable, fit-for-purpose time series network that will foster a predictive understanding of changing ocean systems for the benefit of society.},
	keywords = {climate, end-users, marine ecosystems, ocean time series, sustained observations, synthesis},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00393},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00393},
	author = {Benway, Heather M. and Lorenzoni, Laura and White, Angelicque E. and Fiedler, Bj{\"o}rn and Levine, Naomi M. and Nicholson, David P. and DeGrandpre, Michael D. and Sosik, Heidi M. and Church, Matthew J. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, Todd D. and Leinen, Margaret and Weller, Robert A. and Karl, David M. and Henson, Stephanie A. and Letelier, Ricardo M.}
}
@article {RN96,
	title = {A Seabed Real-Time Sensing System for In-Situ Long-Term Multi-Parameter Observation Applications},
	journal = {Sensors},
	volume = {19},
	number = {5},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1255},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Aiming at the real-time observation requirements in marine science and ocean engineering, based on underwater acoustic communication and satellite communication technology, a seabed real-time sensing system for in-situ long-term multi-parameter observation applications (SRSS/ILMO) is proposed. It consists of a seabed observation system, a sea surface relay transmission buoy, and a remote monitoring system. The system communication link is implemented by underwater acoustic communication and satellite communication. The seabed observation system adopts the {\textquotedblleft}ARM + FPGA{\textquotedblright} architecture to meet the low power consumption, scalability, and versatility design requirements. As a long-term unattended system, a two-stage anti-crash mechanism, an automatic system fault isolation design, dual-medium data storage, and improved Modbus protocol are adopted to meet the system reliability requirements. Through the remote monitoring system, users can configure the system working mode, sensor parameters and acquire observation data on demand. The seabed observation system can realize the observation of different fields by carrying different sensors such as those based on marine engineering geology, chemistry, biology, and environment. Carrying resistivity and pore pressure sensors, the SRSS/ILMO powered by seawater batteries was used for a seabed engineering geology observation. The preliminary test results based on harbor environment show the effectiveness of the developed system.},
	keywords = {buoy, real-time, remote monitoring, satellite communication, seabed observation, sensing, underwater acoustic communication},
	doi = {10.3390/s19051255},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1112750908 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/5/1255/pdf},
	author = {Liu, Lanjun and Liao, Zhibo and Chen, Caiyi and Chen, Jialin and Niu, Jiong and Jia, Yonggang and Guo, Xiujun and Chen, Zhaowei and Deng, Li and Xu, Haibo and Liu, Tao}
}
@article {RN130,
	title = {Use of Profiler Moorings in the Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Oceanography \& Fisheries Open access Journal},
	volume = {10},
	number = {3},
	year = {2019},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {This Mini Review is intended to describe the history, design, and summarize the performance of one class of mooring used by the Ocean Observatories Initiative.

},
	keywords = {buoy, Mooring, observatory, Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	doi = {10.19080/ofoaj.2019.10.555788},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1121754603 http://juniperpublishers.com/ofoaj/pdf/OFOAJ.MS.ID.555788.pdf},
	author = {Palanza, Matthew}
}
@article {RN13,
	title = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {16-35},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an integrated suite of instrumented platforms and discrete instruments that measure physical, chemical, geological, and biological properties from the seafloor to the sea surface. The OOI provides data to address large-scale scientific challenges such as coastal ocean dynamics, climate and ecosystem health, the global carbon cycle, and linkages among seafloor volcanism and life. The OOI Cyberinfrastructure currently serves over 250 terabytes of data from the arrays. These data are freely available to users worldwide, changing the way scientists and the broader community interact with the ocean, and permitting ocean research and inquiry at scales of centimeters to kilometers and seconds to decades.},
	issn = {10428275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2018.105},
	author = {Smith, Leslie and Barth, John and Kelley, Deborah and Plueddemann, Al and Rodero, Ivan and Ulses, Greg and Vardaro, Michael and Weller, Robert}
}
@article {RN218,
	title = {On the Relationship Between the Global Ocean Observing System and the Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {38-41},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS; http://www.goosocean.org) is an international framework for supporting and sustaining the geographically distributed collection of ocean observations designed to benefit science and society. Observations required to guide an evidentiary-​based response by society to environmental change are determined by various international conventions (e.g., United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). GOOS, under the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, seeks to respond to the high-level requirement for ocean observations by managing a suite of global networks that collect observations. These networks include, for example, the global array of nearly 4,000 Argo profiling floats, arrays of about 1,250 surface drifters and 300 precision tide gauges, moorings at dozens of key sites around the planet, and repeat hydrographic lines that replicate the sampling of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment about every 10 years (Figure 1).},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2018.107},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1100958979 https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/31-1_lindstrom.pdf},
	author = {Lindstrom, Eric}
}
@article {RN222,
	title = {SIDEBAR Get Engaged with the Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {136-137},
	type = {Journal Article},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2018.121},
	author = {Ulses, G. A. and Smith, L. M. and Cowles, T. J.}
}
@article {RN235,
	title = {The era of continental-scale ecology},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
	volume = {9},
	number = {6},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {311-311},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Extending insights from ecology to the development of science-based principles in order to promote the stew-ardship of a human-dominated planet must engage the best minds of a generation. To effectively informsuch planetary decision-making, practitioners of ecology will have to address environmental interactions atincreasingly large scales. For example, managing biological invasions requires that scientists address issues ofspecies interactions and resource use in the face of unprecedented transport capabilities that can move organismsacross huge distances. Likewise, managing the global carbon cycle, and therefore the climate system, requiresobserving and forecasting biogeochemical processes consistently {\textendash} from the scale of individual management pro-jects to that of the entire world. Such challenges will require that ecologists apply the discipline{\textquoteright}s knowledge ofthe living world not just at well-studied local sites but across regions, continents, and ultimately the planet.},
	issn = {1540-9295},
	doi = {10.1890/1540-9295-9.6.311},
	author = {Schimel, D.}
}
@article {RN60,
	title = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative: Sustained Ocean Observing Across a Range of Spatial Scales},
	journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
	volume = {44},
	number = {6},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {54-64},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatory Initiative of the U.S. National Science Foundation is working to advance the ocean sciences by developing the infrastructure for sustained ocean observations at key coastal and open ocean locations. The effort comprises two coastal arrays, four global arrays in the deep ocean, a cabled observatory over the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate, and a sophisticated cyberinfrastructure. The initial installations will be completed by 2015, and 25 years of operation will follow. This article provides an overview of the Ocean Observatory Initiative, followed by more detail about the coastal, regional, and global components. Science drivers are reviewed first. Then, the platforms to be deployed at each site, both moorings and mobile platforms, are described, as are the planned, multidisciplinary core sensors. All data will be freely available.},
	issn = {0025-3324},
	doi = {10.4031/Mtsj.44.6.21},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000286649500012},
	author = {Cowles, T. and Delaney, J. and Orcutt, J. and Weller, R.}
}
@article {RN62,
	title = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative: A continued presence for interactive ocean research},
	journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
	volume = {37},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {26-41},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Global processes that actively shape the Earth and ultimately impact society must be investigated over the spatial and temporal scales at which they occur. To characterize the temporal behavior of dynamic processes occurring in the ocean, new types of infrastructure are needed that are capable of providing long-term, high-resolution observations of critical environmental parameters. With funding from the Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction (MREFC) account, the National Science Foundation{\textquoteright}s Division of Ocean Sciences plans to initiate construction of an integrated observatory network that will provide the oceanographic research and education communities with a new mode of access to the ocean. The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) has three elements: 1) a regional cabled network consisting of interconnected sites on the seafloor spanning several geological and oceanographic features and processes, 2) several relocatable deep-sea buoys that could also be deployed in harsh environments such as the Southern Ocean, and 3) new construction or enhancements to existing facilities leading to an expanded network of coastal observatories.

The scientific problems driving the need for the OOI are broad in scope and encompass nearly every area of ocean science. Once established, the observatories constructed as part of this initiative will provide earth and ocean scientists with unique opportunities to study multiple, interrelated processes over time scales ranging from seconds to decades; to conduct comparative studies of regional processes and spatial characteristics; and to map whole-Earth and basin scale structures.},
	issn = {0025-3324},
	doi = {10.4031/002533203787537285},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000187402800008},
	author = {Isern, A. R. and Clark, H. L.}
}
