@article {gray_evidence_2024,
	title = {Evidence for Kilometer-Scale Biophysical Features at the Gulf Stream Front},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {129},
	number = {3},
	year = {2024},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023JC020526},
	pages = {e2023JC020526},
	abstract = {Understanding the interplay of ocean physics and biology at the submesoscale and below (<30 km) is an ongoing challenge in oceanography. While poorly constrained, these scales may be of critical importance for understanding how changing ocean dynamics will impact marine ecosystems. Fronts in the ocean, regions where two disparate water masses meet and isopycnals become tilted toward vertical, are considered hotspots for biophysical interaction, but there is limited observational evidence at the appropriate scales to assess their importance. Fronts around western boundary currents like the Gulf Stream are of particular interest as these dynamic physical regions are thought to influence both productivity and composition of primary producers; however, how exactly this plays out is not well known. Using satellite data and 2 years of in situ observations across the Gulf Stream front near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, we investigate how submesoscale frontal dynamics could affect biological communities and generate hotspots of productivity and export. We assess the seasonality and phenology of the region, generalize the kilometer-scale structure of the front, and analyze 69 transects to assess two physical processes of potential biogeochemical importance: cold shelf filament subduction and high salinity Sargasso Sea obduction. We link these processes observationally to meanders in the Gulf Stream and discuss how cold filament subduction could be exporting carbon and how obduction of high salinity water from depth is connected with high chlorophyll-a. Finally, we report on phytoplankton community composition in each of these features and integrate these observations into our understanding of frontal submesoscale dynamics.},
	keywords = {biophysical interaction, Fronts, Gulf Stream, meanders, phytoplankton community, submesoscale},
	issn = {2169-9291},
	doi = {10.1029/2023JC020526},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2023JC020526},
	author = {Gray, Patrick Clifton and Savelyev, Ivan and Cassar, Nicolas and L{\'e}vy, Marina and Boss, Emmanuel and Lehahn, Yoav and Bourdin, Guillaume and Thompson, Kate A. and Windle, Anna and Gronniger, Jessica and Floge, Sheri and Hunt, Dana E. and Silsbe, Greg and Johnson, Zackary I. and Johnston, David W.}
}
@article {silver_spatial_2022,
	title = {Spatial variability of movement, structure, and formation of Warm Core Rings in the Northwest Atlantic Slope Sea},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans},
	volume = {127},
	number = {8},
	year = {2022},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {e2022JC018737},
	abstract = {Gulf Stream Warm Core Rings (WCRs) have important influences on the New England Shelf and marine ecosystems. A 10-year (2011{\textendash}2020) WCR dataset that tracks weekly WCR locations and surface areas is used here to identify the rings{\textquoteright} path and characterize their movement between 55 and 75{\textdegree}W. The WCR dataset reveals a very narrow band between 66 and 71{\textdegree}W along which rings travel almost due west along \~{}39{\textdegree}N across isobaths {\textendash} the {\textquotedblleft}Ring Corridor.{\textquotedblright} Then, west of the corridor, the mean path turns southwestward, paralleling the shelfbreak. The average ring translation speed along the mean path is 5.9~cm s-1. Long-lived rings (lifespan >150~days) tend to occupy the region west of the New England Seamount Chain (NESC) whereas short-lived rings (lifespan <150~days) tend to be more broadly distributed. WCR vertical structures, analyzed using available Argo float profiles indicate that rings that are formed to the west of the NESC have shallower thermoclines than those formed to the east. This tendency may be due to different WCR formation processes that are observed to occur along different sections of the Gulf Stream. WCRs formed to the east of the NESC tend to form from a pinch-off mechanism incorporating cores of Sargasso Sea water and a perimeter of Gulf Stream water. WCRs that form to the west of the NESC, form from a process called an aneurysm. WCRs formed through aneurysms comprise water mostly from the northern half of the Gulf Stream and are smaller than the classic pinch-off rings.},
	keywords = {aneurysm, Eddies, Gulf Stream, ring formation, trajectories, warm core rings},
	issn = {2169-9275},
	doi = {10.1029/2022jc018737},
	author = {Silver, Adrienne and Gangopadhyay, Avijit and Gawarkiewicz, Glen and Andres, Magdalena and Flierl, Glenn and Clark, Jenifer}
}
