@article {barth_widespread_2024,
	title = {Widespread and increasing near-bottom hypoxia in the coastal ocean off the United States Pacific Northwest},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {14},
	number = {1},
	year = {2024},
	note = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {3798},
	abstract = {The 2021 summer upwelling season off the United States Pacific Northwest coast was unusually strong leading to widespread near-bottom, low-oxygen waters. During summer 2021, an unprecedented number of ship- and underwater glider-based measurements of dissolved oxygen were made in this region. Near-bottom hypoxia, that is dissolved oxygen less than 61~{\textmu}mol~kg-1 and harmful to marine animals, was observed over nearly half of the continental shelf inshore of the 200-m isobath, covering 15,500 square kilometers. A mid-shelf ribbon with near-bottom, dissolved oxygen less than 50~{\textmu}mol~kg-1 extended for 450~km off north-central Oregon and Washington. Spatial patterns in near-bottom oxygen are related to the continental shelf width and other features of the region. Maps of near-bottom oxygen since 1950 show a consistent trend toward lower oxygen levels over time. The fraction of near-bottom water inshore of the 200-m isobath that is hypoxic on average during the summer upwelling season increases over time from nearly absent (2\%) in 1950{\textendash}1980, to 24\% in 2009{\textendash}2018, compared with 56\% during the anomalously strong upwelling conditions in 2021. Widespread and increasing near-bottom hypoxia is consistent with increased upwelling-favorable wind forcing under climate change.},
	keywords = {Marine chemistry, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-54476-0},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-54476-0},
	author = {Barth, John A. and Pierce, Stephen D. and Carter, Brendan R. and Chan, Francis and Erofeev, Anatoli Y. and Fisher, Jennifer L. and Feely, Richard A. and Jacobson, Kym C. and Keller, Aimee A. and Morgan, Cheryl A. and Pohl, John E. and Rasmuson, Leif K. and Simon, Victor}
}
@article {roberts_blueprint_2023,
	title = {A blueprint for integrating scientific approaches and international communities to assess basin-wide ocean ecosystem status},
	journal = {Communications Earth \& Environment},
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	month = {jan},
	abstract = {Ocean ecosystems are at the forefront of the climate and biodiversity crises, yet we lack a unified approach to assess their state and inform sustainable policies. This blueprint is designed around research capabilities and cross-sectoral partnerships. We highlight priorities including integrating basin-scale observation, modelling and genomic approaches to understand Atlantic oceanography and ecosystem connectivity; improving ecosystem mapping; identifying potential tipping points in deep and open ocean ecosystems; understanding compound impacts of multiple stressors including warming, acidification and deoxygenation; enhancing spatial and temporal management and protection. We argue that these goals are best achieved through partnerships with policy-makers and community stakeholders, and promoting research groups from the South Atlantic through investment and engagement. Given the high costs of such research ({\texteuro}800k to {\texteuro}1.7M per expedition and {\texteuro}30{\textendash}40M for a basin-scale programme), international cooperation and funding are integral to supporting science-led policies to conserve ocean ecosystems that transcend jurisdictional borders.},
	keywords = {Marine biology, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2662-4435},
	doi = {10.1038/s43247-022-00645-w},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-022-00645-w},
	author = {Roberts, J. Murray and Devey, Colin W. and Biastoch, Arne and Carreiro-Silva, Marina and Dohna, Tina and Dorschel, Boris and Gunn, Vikki and Huvenne, Veerle A. I. and Johnson, David and Jollivet, Didier and Kenchington, Ellen and Larkin, Kate and Matabos, Marjolaine and Morato, Telmo and Naumann, Malik S. and Orejas, Covadonga and Perez, J. Angel A. and Ragnarsson, Stef{\'a}n {\'A} and Smit, Albertus J. and Sweetman, Andrew and Unger, Sebastian and Boteler, Benjamin and Henry, Lea-Anne}
}
@article {fu_seasonality_2023,
	title = {Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic.},
	journal = {Communications earth \& environment},
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: England},
	pages = {181},
	abstract = {Understanding the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is essential for better predictions of our changing climate. Here we present an updated time series (August 2014 to June 2020) from the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program. The 6-year time series allows us to observe the seasonality of the subpolar overturning and meridional heat and freshwater transports. The overturning peaks in late spring and reaches a minimum in early winter, with a peak-to-trough range of 9.0 Sv. The overturning seasonal timing can be explained by winter transformation and the export of dense water, modulated by a seasonally varying Ekman transport. Furthermore, over 55\% of the total meridional freshwater transport variability can be explained by its seasonality, largely owing to overturning dynamics. Our results provide the first observational analysis of seasonality in the subpolar North Atlantic overturning and highlight its important contribution to the total overturning variability observed to date.},
	keywords = {Ocean sciences, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2662-4435},
	doi = {10.1038/s43247-023-00848-9},
	author = {Fu, Yao and Lozier, M. Susan and Bil{\'o}, Tiago Carrilho and Bower, Amy S. and Cunningham, Stuart A. and Cyr, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and de Jong, M. Femke and deYoung, Brad and Drysdale, Lewis and Fraser, Neil and Fried, Nora and Furey, Heather H. and Han, Guoqi and Handmann, Patricia and Holliday, N. Penny and Holte, James and Inall, Mark E. and Johns, William E. and Jones, Sam and Karstensen, Johannes and Li, Feili and Pacini, Astrid and Pickart, Robert S. and Rayner, Darren and Straneo, Fiammetta and Yashayaev, Igor}
}
@article {RN69,
	title = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {74},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an integrated network that enables scientific investigation of interlinked physical, chemical, biological and geological processes throughout the global ocean. With near real-time data delivery via a common Cyberinfrastructure, the OOI instruments two contrasting ocean systems at three scales. The Regional Cabled Array instruments a tectonic plate and overlying ocean in the northeast Pacific, providing a permanent electro-optical cable connecting multiple seafloor nodes that provide high power and bandwidth to seafloor sensors and moorings with instrumented wire crawlers, all with speed-of-light interactive capabilities. Coastal arrays include the Pioneer Array, a relocatable system currently quantifying the New England shelf-break front, and the Endurance Array, a fixed system off Washington and Oregon with connections to the Regional Cabled Array. The Global Arrays host deep-ocean moorings and gliders to provide interdisciplinary measurements of the water column, mesoscale variability, and air-sea fluxes at critical high latitude locations. The OOI has unique aspects relevant to the international ocean observing community. The OOI uses common sensor types, verification protocols, and data formats across multiple platform types in diverse oceanographic regimes. OOI observing is sustained, with initial deployment in 2013 and 25 years of operation planned. The OOI is distributed among sites selected for scientific relevance based on community input and linked by important oceanographic processes. Scientific highlights include real-time observations of a submarine volcanic eruption, time-series observations of methane bubble plumes from Southern Hydrate Ridge off Oregon, observations of anomalous low-salinity pulses off Oregon, discovery of new mechanisms for intrusions of the Gulf Stream onto the shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight, documentation of deep winter convection in the Irminger Sea, and observations of extreme surface forcing at the most southerly surface mooring in the world ocean.

},
	keywords = {biological oceanography, chemical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics, ocean engineering, ocean observing, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00074},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00074},
	author = {Trowbridge, John and Weller, Robert and Kelley, Deborah and Dever, Edward and Plueddemann, Albert and Barth, John A. and Kawka, Orest}
}
