@article {tamsitt_new_2023,
	title = {New insights into air-sea fluxes and their role in Subantarctic Mode Water formation},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	volume = {381},
	number = {2249},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: Royal Society},
	month = {may},
	pages = {20220066},
	abstract = {The formation of Subantarctic Mode Water SAMW in the Southern Ocean plays a key role in the global oceanic uptake and storage of anthropogenic heat and carbon. Wintertime ocean surface heat loss is a dominant driver of Subantarctic Mode Water formation and variability, but wintertime air-sea flux observations in the Southern Ocean are extremely sparse. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of air-sea fluxes in Subantarctic Mode Water Formation from novel ocean observations are summarized here, particularly the role of synoptic atmospheric extreme events, and the drivers of interannual variations in SAMW. These advances in understanding have important implications for variability in Southern Ocean heat and carbon uptake, and can inform future Southern Ocean observing system design. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue {\textquoteleft}Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities{\textquoteright}.},
	keywords = {air-sea fluxes, mooring time series, ocean observing, Subantarctic Mode Water, water mass formation},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.2022.0066},
	url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsta.2022.0066},
	author = {Tamsitt, V.}
}
@article {271,
	title = {The Deep Ocean Observing Strategy: Addressing Global Challenges in the Deep Sea Through Collaboration},
	journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022/06/08/},
	pages = {50 - 66},
	abstract = {The Deep Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS) is an international, community-driven initiative that facilitates collaboration across disciplines and fields, elevates a diverse cohort of early career researchers into future leaders, and connects scientific advancements to societal needs. DOOS represents a global network of deep-ocean observing, mapping, and modeling experts, focusing community efforts in the support of strong science, policy, and planning for sustainable oceans. Its initiatives work to propose deep-sea Essential Ocean Variables; assess technology development; develop shared best practices, standards, and cross-calibration procedures; and transfer knowledge to policy makers and deep-ocean stakeholders. Several of these efforts align with the vision of the UN Ocean Decade to generate the science we need to create the deep ocean we want. DOOS works toward (1) a healthy and resilient deep ocean by informing science-based conservation actions, including optimizing data delivery, creating habitat and ecological maps of critical areas, and developing regional demonstration projects; (2) a predicted deep ocean by strengthening collaborations within the modeling community, determining needs for interdisciplinary modeling and observing system assessment in the deep ocean; (3) an accessible deep ocean by enhancing open access to innovative low-cost sensors and open-source plans, making deep-ocean data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable, and focusing on capacity development in developing countries; and finally (4) an inspiring and engaging deep ocean by translating science to stakeholders/end users and informing policy and management decisions, including in international waters.},
	keywords = {deep ocean, FAIR data principles, multi-disciplinary, ocean observing, science policy and planning},
	isbn = {0025-3324},
	doi = {10.4031/MTSJ.56.3.11},
	author = {Smith, Leslie M. and Cimoli, Laura and LaScala-Gruenewald, Diana and Pachiadaki, Maria and Phillips, Brennan and Pillar, Helen and Stopa, Justin E. and Baumann-Pickering, Simone and Beaulieu, Stace E. and Bell, Katherine L.C. and Harden-Davies, Harriet and Gjerde, Kristina M. and Heimbach, Patrick and Howe, Bruce and Janssen, Felix and Levin, Lisa A. and Ruhl, Henry A. and Soule, Adam and Stocks, Karen and Vardaro, Michael F. and Wright, Dawn J.}
}
@article {RN189,
	title = {Open Data, Collaborative Working Platforms, and Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Building an Early Career Scientist Community of Practice to Leverage Ocean Observatories Initiative Data to Address Critical Questions in Marine Science},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Ocean observing systems are well-recognized as platforms for long-term monitoring of near-shore and remote locations in the global ocean. High-quality observatory data is freely available and accessible to all members of the global oceanographic community{\textemdash}a democratization of data that is particularly useful for early career scientists (ECS), enabling ECS to conduct research independent of traditional funding models or access to laboratory and field equipment. The concurrent collection of distinct data types with relevance for oceanographic disciplines including physics, chemistry, biology, and geology yields a unique incubator for cutting-edge, timely, interdisciplinary research. These data are both an opportunity and an incentive for ECS to develop the computational skills and collaborative relationships necessary to interpret large data sets. Here, we use observatory data to demonstrate the potential for these interdisciplinary approaches by presenting a case study on the water-column response to anomalous atmospheric events (i.e., major storms) on the shelf of the Mid-Atlantic Bight southwest of Cape Cod, United States. Using data from the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Pioneer Array, we applied a simple data mining method to identify anomalous atmospheric events over a four-year period. Two closely occurring storm events in late 2018 were then selected to explore the dynamics of water-column response using mooring data from across the array. The comprehensive ECS knowledge base and computational skill sets allowed identification of data issues in the OOI data streams and technologically sound characterization of data from multiple sensor packages to broadly characterize ocean-atmosphere interactions. An ECS-driven approach that emphasizes collaborative and interdisciplinary working practices adds significant value to existing datasets and programs such as OOI and has the potential to produce meaningful scientific advances. Future success in utilizing ocean observatory data requires continued investment in ECS education, collaboration, and research; in turn, the ECS community provides feedback, develops knowledge, and builds new tools to enhance the value of ocean observing systems. These findings present an argument for building a community of practice to augment ECS ocean scientist skills and foster collaborations to extend the context, reach, and societal utility of ocean science.},
	keywords = {big data, COVID-19 pandemic, data mining, early career researchers, middle Atlantic bight, ocean observing, ocean response, remote collaboration},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2020.593512},
	author = {Levine, R. M. and Fogaren, K. E. and Rudzin, J. E. and Russoniello, C. J. and Soule, D. C. and Whitaker, J. M.}
}
@article {RN76,
	title = {Lessons Learned From the United States Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {494},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is a United States National Science Foundation-funded major research facility that provides continuous observations of the ocean and seafloor from coastal and open ocean locations in the Atlantic and Pacific. Multiple cycles of OOI infrastructure deployment, recovery, and refurbishment have occurred since operations began in 2014. This heterogeneous ocean observing infrastructure with multidisciplinary sampling in important but challenging locations has provided new scientific and engineering insights into the operation of a sustained ocean observing system. This paper summarizes the challenges, successes, and failures experienced to date and shares recommendations on best practices that will be of benefit to the global ocean observing community.},
	keywords = {best practices, equipment testing, lessons learned, ocean observing, technology development},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2018.00494},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00494},
	author = {Smith, Leslie M. and Yarincik, Kristen and Vaccari, Liana and Kaplan, Maxwell B. and Barth, John A. and Cram, Geoffrey S. and Fram, Jonathan P. and Harrington, Michael and Kawka, Orest E. and Kelley, Deborah S. and Matthias, Paul and Newhall, Kristopher and Palanza, Matthew and Plueddemann, Albert J. and Vardaro, Michael F. and White, Sheri N. and Weller, Robert Andrew}
}
@article {RN69,
	title = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {74},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an integrated network that enables scientific investigation of interlinked physical, chemical, biological and geological processes throughout the global ocean. With near real-time data delivery via a common Cyberinfrastructure, the OOI instruments two contrasting ocean systems at three scales. The Regional Cabled Array instruments a tectonic plate and overlying ocean in the northeast Pacific, providing a permanent electro-optical cable connecting multiple seafloor nodes that provide high power and bandwidth to seafloor sensors and moorings with instrumented wire crawlers, all with speed-of-light interactive capabilities. Coastal arrays include the Pioneer Array, a relocatable system currently quantifying the New England shelf-break front, and the Endurance Array, a fixed system off Washington and Oregon with connections to the Regional Cabled Array. The Global Arrays host deep-ocean moorings and gliders to provide interdisciplinary measurements of the water column, mesoscale variability, and air-sea fluxes at critical high latitude locations. The OOI has unique aspects relevant to the international ocean observing community. The OOI uses common sensor types, verification protocols, and data formats across multiple platform types in diverse oceanographic regimes. OOI observing is sustained, with initial deployment in 2013 and 25 years of operation planned. The OOI is distributed among sites selected for scientific relevance based on community input and linked by important oceanographic processes. Scientific highlights include real-time observations of a submarine volcanic eruption, time-series observations of methane bubble plumes from Southern Hydrate Ridge off Oregon, observations of anomalous low-salinity pulses off Oregon, discovery of new mechanisms for intrusions of the Gulf Stream onto the shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight, documentation of deep winter convection in the Irminger Sea, and observations of extreme surface forcing at the most southerly surface mooring in the world ocean.

},
	keywords = {biological oceanography, chemical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics, ocean engineering, ocean observing, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00074},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00074},
	author = {Trowbridge, John and Weller, Robert and Kelley, Deborah and Dever, Edward and Plueddemann, Albert and Barth, John A. and Kawka, Orest}
}
@article {RN110,
	title = {SMART Cables for Observing the Global Ocean: Science and Implementation},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {424},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The ocean is key to understanding societal threats including climate change, sea level rise, ocean warming, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Because the ocean is difficult and costly to monitor, we lack fundamental data needed to adequately model, understand, and address these threats. One solution is to integrate sensors into future undersea telecommunications cables. This is the mission of the SMART subsea cables initiative (Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications). SMART sensors would {\textquotedblleft}piggyback{\textquotedblright} on the power and communications infrastructure of a million kilometers of undersea fiber optic cable and thousands of repeaters, creating the potential for seafloor-based global ocean observing at a modest incremental cost. Initial sensors would measure temperature, pressure, and seismic acceleration. The resulting data would address two critical scientific and societal issues: the long-term need for sustained climate-quality data from the under-sampled ocean (e.g., deep ocean temperature, sea level, and circulation), and the near-term need for improvements to global tsunami warning networks. A Joint Task Force (JTF) led by three UN agencies (ITU/WMO/UNESCO-IOC) is working to bring this initiative to fruition. This paper explores the ocean science and early warning improvements available from SMART cable data, and the societal, technological, and financial elements of realizing such a global network. Simulations show that deep ocean temperature and pressure measurements can improve estimates of ocean circulation and heat content, and cable-based pressure and seismic-acceleration sensors can improve tsunami warning times and earthquake parameters. The technology of integrating these sensors into fiber optic cables is discussed, addressing sea and land-based elements plus delivery of real-time open data products to end users. The science and business case for SMART cables is evaluated. SMART cables have been endorsed by major ocean science organizations, and JTF is working with cable suppliers and sponsors, multilateral development banks and end users to incorporate SMART capabilities into future cable projects. By investing now, we can build up a global ocean network of long-lived SMART cable sensors, creating a transformative addition to the Global Ocean Observing System.

},
	keywords = {ocean cabled observatories, ocean circulation, ocean observing, SMART subsea cables, submarine telecommunications cables, tsunami early warning, UN Joint Task Force},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00424},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00424},
	author = {Howe, Bruce M. and Arbic, Brian K. and Aucan, J{\'e}rome and Barnes, Christopher R. and Bayliff, Nigel and Becker, Nathan and Butler, Rhett and Doyle, Laurie and Elipot, Shane and Johnson, Gregory C. and Landerer, Felix and Lentz, Stephen and Luther, Douglas S. and M{\"u}ller, Malte and Mariano, John and Panayotou, Kate and Rowe, Charlotte and Ota, Hiroshi and Song, Y. Tony and Thomas, Maik and Thomas, Preston N. and Thompson, Philip and Tilmann, Frederik and Weber, Tobias and Weinstein, Stuart}
}
@article {RN53,
	title = {Characterizing Complex Marine Systems and Technology Using Visualized Vocabularies},
	journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
	volume = {49},
	number = {4},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {53-63},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The next decade will usher in significant changes in ocean observational infrastructure and how students engage with marine sciences content. Faced with the challenge of helping undergraduate students make sense of very complicated marine systems, a computer sciences-based organizational structure (i.e., ontology) has been employed to characterize the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). Five interlinked vocabularies that include terms, descriptions, and images define the overall system from high-level science themes to specialized data products. Given the importance of visual representations in learning, particularly for novices, an associated interactive tool called the {\textquotedblleft}Vocabulary Navigator{\textquotedblright} has been developed. Created in tandem, the design of the vocabularies and their visualizer is based on principles related to the needs of the target audience such as placing information in a broader context and promoting self-directed discovery. Overall, this effort has resulted in not only innovative online resources for learning about the OOI but also, perhaps more importantly, valuable {\textquotedblleft}lessons learned{\textquotedblright} and transferable software that could be used by other marine technology endeavors.
},
	keywords = {marine technology, ocean observing, ontology, vocabulary},
	issn = {0025-3324},
	doi = {10.4031/Mtsj.49.4.2},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000361344000010},
	author = {deCharon, A. and Smith, L. M. and Companion, C.}
}
