@article {RN3,
	title = {Deep-Sea Volcanic Eruptions Create Unique Chemical and Biological Linkages Between the Subsurface Lithosphere and the Oceanic Hydrosphere},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {128-135},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {In April 2015, pressure recorders, seismometers, and hydrophones attached to the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Cabled Array on Axial Seamount detected, in real time, a volcanic eruption predominantly located along the north rift zone (NRZ). Real-time detection enabled a rapid response cruise to augment OOI data with ship-based physical, chemical, and biological sampling of the eruption and the new lava flows. The combined data set demonstrates the synergistic value of real-time monitoring combined with rapid response efforts that sample beyond the boundaries of a fixed cabled array. These combined data show that the 2015 eruption gave rise to chemically and microbiologically variable hydrothermal plumes over new NRZ lava flows, reflecting chemical and biological linkages between the subsurface lithosphere and the oceanic hydrosphere. The warmest and least diluted plume near the new lava flows was 0.119{\textdegree}C above background seawater and hosted thermophilic and hyperthermophilic taxa that are typically identified in hydrothermal fluids emanating from the warm subsurface. Cooler and more diluted hydrothermal plumes farther from a hydrothermal fluid source were 0.072{\textdegree}{\textendash}0.078{\textdegree}C above background seawater and hosted mesophilic and psychrophilic taxa that are typically identified in neutrally buoyant plumes at persistent hydrothermal venting sites. Potentially chemosynthetic microbial lineages, including Epsilonproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Methanococcales, were positively correlated with elevated temperature anomalies. These data suggest that hydrothermal fluid flow through new lava flows on the NRZ supported diverse microbial communities for several months following the 2015 eruption and that subsurface heterogeneity contributed to the structure of unique hydrothermal-plume-hosted microbial communities.},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2018.120},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000427367300020},
	author = {Spietz, R. L. and Butterfield, D. A. and Buck, N. J. and Larson, B. I. and Chadwick, W. W. and Walker, S. L. and Kelley, D. S. and Morris, R. M.}
}
@article {RN2,
	title = {THE RECENT VOLCANIC HISTORY OF AXIAL SEAMOUNT Geophysical Insights into Past Eruption Dynamics with an Eye Toward Enhanced Observations of Future Eruptions},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {114-123},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {To understand the processes that form oceanic crust as well as the role of submarine volcanoes in exchanging heat and chemicals with the ocean and in supporting chemosynthetic biological communities, it is essential to study underwater eruptions. The world{\textquoteright}s most advanced underwater volcano observatory{\textemdash}the Ocean Observatories Initiative Cabled Array at Axial Seamount{\textemdash}builds upon ~30 years of sustained geophysical monitoring at this site with autonomous and remote systems. In April 2015, only months after the Cabled Array{\textquoteright}s installation, it recorded an eruption at Axial Seamount, adding to the records of two prior eruptions in 1998 and 2011. Between eruptions, magma recharge is focused beneath the southeast part of the summit caldera, leading to steady inflation and increasing rates of seismicity. During each eruption, the volcano deflates over days to weeks, coincident with high levels of seismicity as a dike is emplaced along one of the volcano{\textquoteright}s rifts and lava erupts on the seafloor. Cabled Array seismic data show that motions on an outward-dipping ring fault beneath the caldera accommodate the inflation and deflation. Eruptions appear to occur at a predictable level of inflation; hence, it should be possible to time deployments of additional cabled and autonomous instrumentation to further enhance observations of the next eruption.},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2018.117},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000427367300017},
	author = {Wilcock, W. S. D. and Dziak, R. P. and Tolstoy, M. and Chadwick, W. W. and Nooner, S. L. and Bohnenstiehl, D. R. and Caplan-Auerbach, J. and Waldhauser, F. and Arnulf, A. F. and Baillard, C. and Lau, T. K. and Haxel, J. H. and Tan, Y. J. and Garcia, C. and Levy, S. and Mann, M. E.}
}
@article {RN223,
	title = {High-Resolution AUV Mapping and Targeted ROV Observations of Three Historic Lava Flows at Axial Seamount},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {30},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {82-99},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The lava flows produced by eruptions at Axial Seamount in 1998, 2011, and 2015 were mapped at 1 m resolution from autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) developed at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). A portion of the flows erupted in 2011 and 2015 are defined by pre- and post-eruption AUV surveys. Data processing software, also developed at MBARI, precisely coregisters pre- and post-eruption surveys to allow construction of difference maps by subtracting a pre-eruption grid from a post-eruption grid. Such difference maps are key to extracting detailed information about eruptive processes and emplacement of the lava flows. All three eruptions began on the east side of the caldera, and each produced ~25 {\texttimes} 106 m3 of thin channelized flows (with sheet lava channels, lobate lava interiors with pillars, and distal inflated pillow lobes) in the caldera and on the upper south or north rifts. The 1998 and 2011 eruptions propagated down the south rift, and the 2015 eruption propagated down the north rift. The 2011 and 2015 eruptions formed shallow grabens surrounding new non-eruptive open fissures on the east rim of the caldera and produced thick hummocky flows on upper to mid rifts, and the 2011 eruption also produced a thick hummocky flow on the lower south rift. Future eruptions at Axial Seamount will likely follow this pattern, regardless of which rift is the locus of the eruption.},
	issn = {1042-8275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2017.426},
	author = {Clague, D. A. and Paduan, J. B. and Caress, D. W. and Chadwick, W. W. and Le Saout, M. and Dreyer, B. M. and Portner, R. A.}
}
