@article {fu_seasonality_2023,
	title = {Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic.},
	journal = {Communications earth \& environment},
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: England},
	pages = {181},
	abstract = {Understanding the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is essential for better predictions of our changing climate. Here we present an updated time series (August 2014 to June 2020) from the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program. The 6-year time series allows us to observe the seasonality of the subpolar overturning and meridional heat and freshwater transports. The overturning peaks in late spring and reaches a minimum in early winter, with a peak-to-trough range of 9.0 Sv. The overturning seasonal timing can be explained by winter transformation and the export of dense water, modulated by a seasonally varying Ekman transport. Furthermore, over 55\% of the total meridional freshwater transport variability can be explained by its seasonality, largely owing to overturning dynamics. Our results provide the first observational analysis of seasonality in the subpolar North Atlantic overturning and highlight its important contribution to the total overturning variability observed to date.},
	keywords = {Ocean sciences, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2662-4435},
	doi = {10.1038/s43247-023-00848-9},
	author = {Fu, Yao and Lozier, M. Susan and Bil{\'o}, Tiago Carrilho and Bower, Amy S. and Cunningham, Stuart A. and Cyr, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and de Jong, M. Femke and deYoung, Brad and Drysdale, Lewis and Fraser, Neil and Fried, Nora and Furey, Heather H. and Han, Guoqi and Handmann, Patricia and Holliday, N. Penny and Holte, James and Inall, Mark E. and Johns, William E. and Jones, Sam and Karstensen, Johannes and Li, Feili and Pacini, Astrid and Pickart, Robert S. and Rayner, Darren and Straneo, Fiammetta and Yashayaev, Igor}
}
@article {272,
	title = {The Role of the Irminger Current in the Irminger Sea Northward Transport Variability},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022///},
	pages = {e2021JC018188},
	abstract = {The Irminger Current (IC) on the western flank of the Reykjanes Ridge is an important contributor to the northward transport in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here, we combine 28 years of Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) ocean reanalysis data with 6 years of mooring data to investigate variability in volume transport of the IC. We found a mean volume transport for the IC of 11.6 Sv between 1993 and 2020 revealing the dominance of the IC in the total Irminger Sea northward volume transport (20.3 Sv). We found a significant decrease (-3.7 Sv) in volume transport of the IC until 2011 followed by a steeper (but shorter, leading to +2.7 Sv) increase until 2020. These changes across the Irminger Sea section are dominated by the IC, which in turn are driven by changes in the density gradient across the Irminger Sea related to convection. On decadal and interannual time scales the IC volume transport is well correlated with the decrease in the sea surface height difference over the basin. In 2019, a temporary intensification of the western IC core led to an exceptionally strong volume transport of the IC with 20 Sv. This was caused by density changes within the IC boundaries due to the presence of mesoscale eddies. Thus, IC transport variability is a superposition of basin-wide to local processes that influence the velocity field on different time scales.},
	keywords = {AMOC, convection, Irminger Current, Irminger Sea, OSNAP},
	isbn = {2169-9291},
	doi = {10.1029/2021JC018188},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JC018188},
	author = {Fried, Nora and de Jong, M. Femke}
}
@article {desbruyeres_warming{\textendash}cooling_2022,
	title = {Warming-to-Cooling Reversal of Overflow-Derived Water Masses in the Irminger Sea During 2002-2021},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {49},
	number = {10},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e2022GL098057},
	abstract = {Shipboard hydrography along the A25-Ovide section (2002{\textendash}2018) is combined with a high-resolution mooring array (2014{\textendash}2020) and a regional fleet of Deep-Argo floats (2016{\textendash}2021) to describe temperature changes of overflow-derived water masses in the Irminger Sea. Removing dynamical influences enables to identify a new statistically significant trend reversal in Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) and Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) core temperatures in the mid-2010s. A basin-wide cooling trend of -16 {\textpm} 6 m{\textdegree}C yr-1 during 2016{\textendash}2021{\textemdash}but reaching as strong as -44 {\textpm} 13 m{\textdegree}C yr-1 for DSOW in recent years{\textemdash}is found to interrupt a warming phase that was prevailing since the late 1990s. The absence of an apparent reversal in the Nordic Seas and the faster changes detected in DSOW compared to ISOW point out the entrainment of subpolar signals within the overflows near the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland sills as a most likely driver.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GL098057},
	author = {Desbruyeres, Damien G. and Bravo, Eva Prieto and Thierry, Virginie and Mercier, Herl{\'e} and Lherminier, Pascale and Cabanes, Cecile and Bilo, Tiago C. and Fried, Nora and de Jong, M. Femke}
}
@article {RN291,
	title = {Observation-based estimates of heat and freshwater exchanges from the subtropical North Atlantic to the Arctic},
	journal = {Progress In Oceanography},
	volume = {197},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {102640},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102640},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1139426977 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102640},
	author = {Li, Feili and Lozier, M. Susan and Holliday, N. Penny and Johns, William E. and Le Bras, Isabela A. and Moat, Ben I. and Cunningham, Stuart A. and de Jong, M. Femke}
}
@article {RN280,
	title = {Mean Conditions and Seasonality of the West Greenland Boundary Current System near Cape Farewell},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Oceanography},
	volume = {50},
	number = {10},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {2849-2871},
	type = {Journal Article},
	doi = {10.1175/jpo-d-20-0086.1},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1130194077 http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/528563/1/jpod200086.pdf},
	author = {Pacini, Astrid and Pickart, Robert S. and Bahr, Frank and Torres, Daniel J. and Ramsey, Andr{\'e}e L. and Holte, James and Karstensen, Johannes and Oltmanns, Marilena and Straneo, Fiammetta and Le Bras, Isabela Astiz and Moore, G. W. K. and de Jong, M. Femke}
}
@article {RN22,
	title = {Deep Convection in the Irminger Sea Observed with a Dense Mooring Array},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {50-59},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Deep convection is a key process in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, but because it acts at small scales, it remains poorly resolved by climate models. The occurrence of deep convection depends on weak initial stratification and strong surface buoyancy forcing, conditions that are satisfied in only a few ocean basins. In 2014, one of the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) global arrays was installed close to the Central Irminger Sea (CIS) and the Long-term Ocean Circulation Observations (LOCO) moorings in the central Irminger Sea. These programs{\textquoteright} six moorings are located in the center of an area of deep convection and are distributed within a 50 km radius, thus offering detailed insight into spatial differences during the strong convection events that occurred during the winters of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Deep mixed layers, down to approximately 1,600 m, formed during both winters. The properties of the convectively renewed water mass at each mooring converge to a common temperature and salinity before restratification sets in at the end of winter. The largest differences in onset (or timing) of convection and restratification are seen between the northernmost and southernmost moorings. High-resolution atmospheric reanalysis data show there is higher atmospheric forcing at the northernmost mooring due to a more favorable position with respect to the Greenland tip jet. Nevertheless, earlier onset, and more continuous cooling and deepening of mixed layers, occurs at the southernmost mooring, while convection at the northern mooring is frequently interrupted by warm events. We propose that these warm events are associated with eddies and filaments originating from the Irminger Current off the coast of Greenland and that convection further south benefits from cold inflow from the southwest.

},
	issn = {10428275},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2018.109},
	author = {de Jong, M. Femke and Oltmanns, Marilena and Karstensen, Johannes and de Steur, Laura}
}
