@article {roberts_blueprint_2023,
	title = {A blueprint for integrating scientific approaches and international communities to assess basin-wide ocean ecosystem status},
	journal = {Communications Earth \& Environment},
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	month = {jan},
	abstract = {Ocean ecosystems are at the forefront of the climate and biodiversity crises, yet we lack a unified approach to assess their state and inform sustainable policies. This blueprint is designed around research capabilities and cross-sectoral partnerships. We highlight priorities including integrating basin-scale observation, modelling and genomic approaches to understand Atlantic oceanography and ecosystem connectivity; improving ecosystem mapping; identifying potential tipping points in deep and open ocean ecosystems; understanding compound impacts of multiple stressors including warming, acidification and deoxygenation; enhancing spatial and temporal management and protection. We argue that these goals are best achieved through partnerships with policy-makers and community stakeholders, and promoting research groups from the South Atlantic through investment and engagement. Given the high costs of such research ({\texteuro}800k to {\texteuro}1.7M per expedition and {\texteuro}30{\textendash}40M for a basin-scale programme), international cooperation and funding are integral to supporting science-led policies to conserve ocean ecosystems that transcend jurisdictional borders.},
	keywords = {Marine biology, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2662-4435},
	doi = {10.1038/s43247-022-00645-w},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-022-00645-w},
	author = {Roberts, J. Murray and Devey, Colin W. and Biastoch, Arne and Carreiro-Silva, Marina and Dohna, Tina and Dorschel, Boris and Gunn, Vikki and Huvenne, Veerle A. I. and Johnson, David and Jollivet, Didier and Kenchington, Ellen and Larkin, Kate and Matabos, Marjolaine and Morato, Telmo and Naumann, Malik S. and Orejas, Covadonga and Perez, J. Angel A. and Ragnarsson, Stef{\'a}n {\'A} and Smit, Albertus J. and Sweetman, Andrew and Unger, Sebastian and Boteler, Benjamin and Henry, Lea-Anne}
}
@article {RN113,
	title = {Global Observing Needs in the Deep Ocean},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {241},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The deep ocean below 200 m water depth is the least observed, but largest habitat on our planet by volume and area. Over 150 years of exploration has revealed that this dynamic system provides critical climate regulation, houses a wealth of energy, mineral, and biological resources, and represents a vast repository of biological diversity. A long history of deep-ocean exploration and observation led to the initial concept for the Deep-Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS), under the auspices of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). Here we discuss the scientific need for globally integrated deep-ocean observing, its status, and the key scientific questions and societal mandates driving observing requirements over the next decade. We consider the Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) needed to address deep-ocean challenges within the physical, biogeochemical, and biological/ecosystem sciences according to the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO), and map these onto scientific questions. Opportunities for new and expanded synergies among deep-ocean stakeholders are discussed, including academic-industry partnerships with the oil and gas, mining, cable and fishing industries, the ocean exploration and mapping community, and biodiversity conservation initiatives. Future deep-ocean observing will benefit from the greater integration across traditional disciplines and sectors, achieved through demonstration projects and facilitated reuse and repurposing of existing deep-sea data efforts. We highlight examples of existing and emerging deep-sea methods and technologies, noting key challenges associated with data volume, preservation, standardization, and accessibility. Emerging technologies relevant to deep-ocean sustainability and the blue economy include novel genomics approaches, imaging technologies, and ultra-deep hydrographic measurements. Capacity building will be necessary to integrate capabilities into programs and projects at a global scale. Progress can be facilitated by Open Science and Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) data principles and converge on agreed to data standards, practices, vocabularies, and registries. We envision expansion of the deep-ocean observing community to embrace the participation of academia, industry, NGOs, national governments, international governmental organizations, and the public at large in order to unlock critical knowledge contained in the deep ocean over coming decades, and to realize the mutual benefits of thoughtful deep-ocean observing for all elements of a sustainable ocean.

},
	keywords = {biodiversity, blue economy, deep sea, essential ocean variables, Ocean observation, ocean sensors},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00241},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00241},
	author = {Levin, Lisa A. and Bett, Brian J. and Gates, Andrew R. and Heimbach, Patrick and Howe, Bruce M. and Janssen, Felix and McCurdy, Andrea and Ruhl, Henry A. and Snelgrove, Paul and Stocks, Karen I. and Bailey, David and Baumann-Pickering, Simone and Beaverson, Chris and Benfield, Mark C. and Booth, David J. and Carreiro-Silva, Marina and Cola{\c c}o, Ana and Ebl{\'e}, Marie C. and Fowler, Ashley M. and Gjerde, Kristina M. and Jones, Daniel O. B. and Katsumata, K. and Kelley, Deborah and Le Bris, Nadine and Leonardi, Alan P. and Lejzerowicz, Franck and Macreadie, Peter I. and McLean, Dianne and Meitz, Fred and Morato, Telmo and Netburn, Amanda and Pawlowski, Jan and Smith, Craig R. and Sun, Song and Uchida, Hiroshi and Vardaro, Michael F. and Venkatesan, R. and Weller, Robert A.}
}
