@article {barth_widespread_2024,
	title = {Widespread and increasing near-bottom hypoxia in the coastal ocean off the United States Pacific Northwest},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {14},
	number = {1},
	year = {2024},
	note = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	month = {feb},
	pages = {3798},
	abstract = {The 2021 summer upwelling season off the United States Pacific Northwest coast was unusually strong leading to widespread near-bottom, low-oxygen waters. During summer 2021, an unprecedented number of ship- and underwater glider-based measurements of dissolved oxygen were made in this region. Near-bottom hypoxia, that is dissolved oxygen less than 61~{\textmu}mol~kg-1 and harmful to marine animals, was observed over nearly half of the continental shelf inshore of the 200-m isobath, covering 15,500 square kilometers. A mid-shelf ribbon with near-bottom, dissolved oxygen less than 50~{\textmu}mol~kg-1 extended for 450~km off north-central Oregon and Washington. Spatial patterns in near-bottom oxygen are related to the continental shelf width and other features of the region. Maps of near-bottom oxygen since 1950 show a consistent trend toward lower oxygen levels over time. The fraction of near-bottom water inshore of the 200-m isobath that is hypoxic on average during the summer upwelling season increases over time from nearly absent (2\%) in 1950{\textendash}1980, to 24\% in 2009{\textendash}2018, compared with 56\% during the anomalously strong upwelling conditions in 2021. Widespread and increasing near-bottom hypoxia is consistent with increased upwelling-favorable wind forcing under climate change.},
	keywords = {Marine chemistry, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-54476-0},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-54476-0},
	author = {Barth, John A. and Pierce, Stephen D. and Carter, Brendan R. and Chan, Francis and Erofeev, Anatoli Y. and Fisher, Jennifer L. and Feely, Richard A. and Jacobson, Kym C. and Keller, Aimee A. and Morgan, Cheryl A. and Pohl, John E. and Rasmuson, Leif K. and Simon, Victor}
}
@article {risien_stitch_2023,
	title = {A stitch in time: Combining more than two decades of mooring data from the central Oregon shelf},
	journal = {Data in Brief},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {109041},
	abstract = {The highly biologically productive northern California Current, which includes the Oregon continental shelf, is an archetypal eastern boundary region with summertime upwelling driven by prevailing equatorward winds and wintertime downwelling driven by prevailing poleward winds. Between 1960 and 1990, monitoring programs and process studies conducted off the central Oregon coast advanced the understanding of many oceanographic processes, including coastal trapped waves, seasonal upwelling and downwelling in eastern boundary upwelling systems, and seasonal variability of coastal currents. Starting in 1997, the U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics {\textendash} Long Term Observational Program (GLOBEC-LTOP) continued those monitoring and process study efforts by conducting routine CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth) and biological sampling survey cruises along the Newport Hydrographic Line (NHL; 44.652{\textdegree}N, 124.1 {\textendash} 124.65{\textdegree}W), located west of Newport, Oregon. Additionally, GLOBEC-LTOP maintained a mooring slightly south of the NHL, nominally at 44.64{\textdegree}N, 124.30{\textdegree}W, on the 81-meter isobath. This location is referred to as NH-10, as it is located 10 nautical miles or 18.5 km west of Newport. A mooring was first deployed at NH-10 in August 1997. This subsurface mooring collected water column velocity data using an upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler. A second mooring with a surface expression was deployed at NH-10 starting in April 1999. This mooring included velocity, temperature and conductivity measurements throughout the water column as well as meteorological measurements. GLOBEC-LTOP and the Oregon State University (OSU) National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) provided funding for the NH-10 moorings from August 1997 to December 2004. Since June 2006, the NH-10 site has been occupied by a series of moorings operated and maintained by OSU with funding from the Oregon Coastal Ocean Observing System (OrCOOS), the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS), the Center for Coastal Margin Observation \& Prediction (CMOP), and most recently the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). While the objectives of these programs differed, each program contributed to long-term observing efforts with moorings routinely measuring meteorological and physical oceanographic variables. This article provides a brief description of each of the six programs, their associated moorings at NH-10, and our efforts to combine over twenty years of temperature, practical salinity, and velocity data into one coherent, hourly averaged, quality-controlled data set. Additionally, the data set includes best-fit seasonal cycles calculated at a daily temporal resolution for each variable using harmonic analysis with a three-harmonic fit to the observations. The stitched together, hourly NH-10 time series and seasonal cycles are available via Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7582475.},
	keywords = {California current, Mooring, Newport, NH-10, Oregon, Practical salinity, Seawater temperature, Water velocity},
	issn = {2352-3409},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2023.109041},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340923001592},
	author = {Risien, Craig M. and Cervantes, Brandy T. and Fewings, Melanie R. and Barth, John A. and Kosro, P. Michael}
}
@article {RN67,
	title = {Better Regional Ocean Observing Through Cross-National Cooperation: A Case Study From the Northeast Pacific},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {93},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The ocean knows no political borders. Ocean processes, like summertime wind-driven upwelling, stretch thousands of kilometers along the Northeast Pacific (NEP) coast. This upwelling drives marine ecosystem productivity and is modulated by weather systems and seasonal to interdecadal ocean-atmosphere variability. Major ocean currents in the NEP transport water properties such as heat, fresh water, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, pCO2, and pH close to the shore. The eastward North Pacific Current bifurcates offshore in the NEP, delivering open-ocean signals south into the California Current and north into the Gulf of Alaska. There is a large and growing number of NEP ocean observing elements operated by government agencies, Native American Tribes, First Nations groups, not-for-profit organizations, and private entities. Observing elements include moored and mobile platforms, shipboard repeat cruises, as well as land-based and estuarine stations. A wide range of multidisciplinary ocean sensors are deployed to track, for example, upwelling, downwelling, ocean productivity, harmful algal blooms, ocean acidification and hypoxia, seismic activity and tsunami wave propagation. Data delivery to shore and observatory controls are done through satellite and cell phone communication, and via seafloor cables. Remote sensing from satellites and land-based coastal radar provide broader spatial coverage, while numerical circulation and biogeochemical modeling complement ocean observing efforts. Models span from the deep ocean into the inland Salish Sea and estuaries. NEP ocean observing systems are used to understand regional processes and, together with numerical models, provide ocean forecasts. By sharing data, experiences and lessons learned, the regional ocean observatory is better than the sum of its parts.

},
	keywords = {coastal oceanography, data delivery, marine eco system, ocean model and observations comparison, Ocean observation},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00093},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00093},
	author = {Barth, John A. and Allen, Susan E. and Dever, Edward P. and Dewey, Richard K. and Evans, Wiley and Feely, Richard A. and Fisher, Jennifer L. and Fram, Jonathan P. and Hales, Burke and Ianson, Debby and Jackson, Jennifer and Juniper, Kim and Kawka, Orest and Kelley, Deborah and Klymak, Jody M. and Konovsky, John and Kosro, P. Michael and Kurapov, Alexander and Mayorga, Emilio and MacCready, Parker and Newton, Jan and Perry, R. Ian and Risien, Craig M. and Robert, Marie and Ross, Tetjana and Shearman, R. Kipp and Schumacker, Joe and Siedlecki, Samantha and Trainer, Vera L. and Waterman, Stephanie and Wingard, Christopher E.}
}
@article {RN103,
	title = {Global Perspectives on Observing Ocean Boundary Current Systems},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {423},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are home to highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishment of a global network of boundary current observing systems is a critical part of ongoing development of the Global Ocean Observing System. The characteristics of boundary current systems are reviewed, focusing on scientific and societal motivations for sustained observing. Techniques currently used to observe boundary current systems are reviewed, followed by a census of the current state of boundary current observing systems globally. The next steps in the development of boundary current observing systems are considered, leading to several specific recommendations.},
	keywords = {autonomous underwater gliders, drifters, eastern boundary current systems, moorings, ocean observing systems, remote sensing, time series, western boundary current systems},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00423},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00423},
	author = {Todd, Robert E. and Chavez, Francisco P. and Clayton, Sophie and Cravatte, Sophie and Goes, Marlos and Graco, Michelle and Lin, Xiaopei and Sprintall, Janet and Zilberman, Nathalie V. and Archer, Matthew and Ar{\'\i}stegui, Javier and Balmaseda, Magdalena and Bane, John M. and Baringer, Molly O. and Barth, John A. and Beal, Lisa M. and Brandt, Peter and Calil, Paulo H. R. and Campos, Edmo and Centurioni, Luca R. and Chidichimo, Maria Paz and Cirano, Mauro and Cronin, Meghan F. and Curchitser, Enrique N. and Davis, Russ E. and Dengler, Marcus and deYoung, Brad and Dong, Shenfu and Escribano, Ruben and Fassbender, Andrea J. and Fawcett, Sarah E. and Feng, Ming and Goni, Gustavo J. and Gray, Alison R. and Guti{\'e}rrez, Dimitri and Hebert, Dave and Hummels, Rebecca and Ito, Shin-ichi and Krug, Marjorlaine and Lacan, Fran{\c c}ois and Laurindo, Lucas and Lazar, Alban and Lee, Craig M. and Lengaigne, Matthieu and Levine, Naomi M. and Middleton, John and Montes, Ivonne and Muglia, Mike and Nagai, Takeyoshi and Palevsky, Hilary I. and Palter, Jaime B. and Phillips, Helen E. and Piola, Alberto and Plueddemann, Albert J. and Qiu, Bo and Rodrigues, Regina R. and Roughan, Moninya and Rudnick, Daniel L. and Rykaczewski, Ryan R. and Saraceno, Martin and Seim, Harvey and Gupta, Alex Sen and Shannon, Lynne and Sloyan, Bernadette M. and Sutton, Adrienne J. and Thompson, LuAnne and Plas, Anja K. van der and Volkov, Denis and Wilkin, John and Zhang, Dongxiao and Zhang, Linlin}
}
@article {RN76,
	title = {Lessons Learned From the United States Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {494},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is a United States National Science Foundation-funded major research facility that provides continuous observations of the ocean and seafloor from coastal and open ocean locations in the Atlantic and Pacific. Multiple cycles of OOI infrastructure deployment, recovery, and refurbishment have occurred since operations began in 2014. This heterogeneous ocean observing infrastructure with multidisciplinary sampling in important but challenging locations has provided new scientific and engineering insights into the operation of a sustained ocean observing system. This paper summarizes the challenges, successes, and failures experienced to date and shares recommendations on best practices that will be of benefit to the global ocean observing community.},
	keywords = {best practices, equipment testing, lessons learned, ocean observing, technology development},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2018.00494},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00494},
	author = {Smith, Leslie M. and Yarincik, Kristen and Vaccari, Liana and Kaplan, Maxwell B. and Barth, John A. and Cram, Geoffrey S. and Fram, Jonathan P. and Harrington, Michael and Kawka, Orest E. and Kelley, Deborah S. and Matthias, Paul and Newhall, Kristopher and Palanza, Matthew and Plueddemann, Albert J. and Vardaro, Michael F. and White, Sheri N. and Weller, Robert Andrew}
}
@article {RN69,
	title = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {74},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an integrated network that enables scientific investigation of interlinked physical, chemical, biological and geological processes throughout the global ocean. With near real-time data delivery via a common Cyberinfrastructure, the OOI instruments two contrasting ocean systems at three scales. The Regional Cabled Array instruments a tectonic plate and overlying ocean in the northeast Pacific, providing a permanent electro-optical cable connecting multiple seafloor nodes that provide high power and bandwidth to seafloor sensors and moorings with instrumented wire crawlers, all with speed-of-light interactive capabilities. Coastal arrays include the Pioneer Array, a relocatable system currently quantifying the New England shelf-break front, and the Endurance Array, a fixed system off Washington and Oregon with connections to the Regional Cabled Array. The Global Arrays host deep-ocean moorings and gliders to provide interdisciplinary measurements of the water column, mesoscale variability, and air-sea fluxes at critical high latitude locations. The OOI has unique aspects relevant to the international ocean observing community. The OOI uses common sensor types, verification protocols, and data formats across multiple platform types in diverse oceanographic regimes. OOI observing is sustained, with initial deployment in 2013 and 25 years of operation planned. The OOI is distributed among sites selected for scientific relevance based on community input and linked by important oceanographic processes. Scientific highlights include real-time observations of a submarine volcanic eruption, time-series observations of methane bubble plumes from Southern Hydrate Ridge off Oregon, observations of anomalous low-salinity pulses off Oregon, discovery of new mechanisms for intrusions of the Gulf Stream onto the shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight, documentation of deep winter convection in the Irminger Sea, and observations of extreme surface forcing at the most southerly surface mooring in the world ocean.

},
	keywords = {biological oceanography, chemical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics, ocean engineering, ocean observing, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00074},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00074},
	author = {Trowbridge, John and Weller, Robert and Kelley, Deborah and Dever, Edward and Plueddemann, Albert and Barth, John A. and Kawka, Orest}
}
@article {RN36,
	title = {Optics of the offshore Columbia River plume from glider observations and satellite imagery},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {121},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2367-2384},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Columbia River (CR) is the largest source of freshwater along the U.S. Pacific coast. The resultant plume is often transported southward and offshore forming a large buoyant feature off Oregon and northern California in spring-summer{\textemdash}the offshore CR plume. Observations from autonomous underwater gliders and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery are used to characterize the optics of the offshore CR plume off Newport, Oregon. Vertical sections, under contrasting river flow conditions, reveal a low-salinity and warm surface layer of \~{}20{\textendash}25 m (fresher in spring and warmer in summer), high Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) concentration, and backscatter, and associated with the base of the plume high chlorophyll fluorescence. Plume characteristics vary in the offshore direction as the warm and fresh surface layer thickens progressively to an average 30{\textendash}40 m of depth 270{\textendash}310 km offshore; CDOM, backscatter, and chlorophyll fluorescence decrease in the upper 20 m and increase at subsurface levels (30{\textendash}50 m depth). MODIS normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw(λ)) spectra for CR plume cases show enhanced water-leaving radiance at green bands (as compared to no-CR plume cases) up to \~{}154 km from shore. Farther offshore, the spectral shapes for both cases are very similar, and consequently, a contrasting color signature of low-salinity plume water is practically imperceptible from ocean color remote sensing. Empirical algorithms based on multivariate regression analyses of nLw(λ) plus SST data produce more accurate results detecting offshore plume waters than previous studies using single visible bands (e.g., adg(412) or nLw(555)).},
	issn = {21699275},
	doi = {10.1002/2015jc011431},
	url = {https://staging-ddpp.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1044838771},
	author = {Sald{\'\i}as, Gonzalo S. and Kipp Shearman, R. and Barth, John A. and Tufillaro, Nicholas}
}
