@article {josey_clearer_2023,
	title = {A clearer view of Southern Ocean air{\textendash}sea interaction using surface heat flux asymmetry},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	volume = {381},
	number = {2249},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: Royal Society},
	month = {may},
	pages = {20220067},
	abstract = {Progress in understanding Southern Ocean heat exchange and wind forcing is discussed and new results presented. These include a metric of the zonal asymmetry between surface ocean heat gain in the Atlantic/Indian sector and heat loss in the Pacific sector. The asymmetry arises from an intersector variation in the humidity gradient between the sea surface and near-surface atmosphere. This gradient increases by 60\% in the Pacific sector enabling a 20 Wm-2 stronger latent heat loss compared with the Atlantic/Indian sector. The new metric is used for intercomparison of atmospheric reanalyses and CMIP6 climate simulations. CMIP6 has weaker Atlantic/Indian sector heat gain compared with the reanalyses primarily due to Indian Ocean sector differences. The potential for surface flux buoys to provide an observation-based counterpart to the asymmetry metric is explored. Over the past decade, flux buoys have been deployed at two sites (south of Tasmania and upstream of Drake Passage). The data record provided by these moorings is assessed and an argument developed for a third buoy to sample the Atlantic/Indian sector of the asymmetry metric. To close, we assess evidence that the main westerly wind belt has strengthened and moved southward in recent decades using the ERA5 reanalysis. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue {\textquoteright}Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities{\textquoteright}.},
	keywords = {air{\textendash}sea heat flux, Southern Ocean, wind stress},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.2022.0067},
	url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsta.2022.0067},
	author = {Josey, Simon A. and Grist, Jeremy P. and Mecking, Jennifer V. and Moat, Ben I. and Schulz, Eric}
}
@article {RN107,
	title = {Waves and Swells in High Wind and Extreme Fetches, Measurements in the Southern Ocean},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {361},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The generation and evolution of ocean waves by wind is one of the most complex phenomena in geophysics, and is of great practical significance. Predictive capabilities of respective wave models, however, are impaired by lack of field in situ observations, particularly in extreme Metocean conditions. The paper outlines and highlights important gaps in understanding the Metocean processes and suggests a major observational program in the Southern Ocean. This large, but poorly investigated part of the World Ocean is home to extreme weather around the year. The observational network would include distributed system of buoys (drifting and stationary) and autonomous surface vehicles (ASV), intended for measurements of waves and air-sea fluxes in the Southern Ocean. It would help to resolve the issues of limiting fetches, extreme Extra-Tropical cyclones, swell propagation and attenuation, wave-current interactions, and address the topics of wave-induced dispersal of floating objects, wave-ice interactions in the Marginal Ice Zone, Metocean climatology and its connection with the global climate.},
	keywords = {air-sea and air-sea-land interaction processes, extra-tropical anticyclones, extreme wave, wave fetch, wind wave and swell},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00361},
	author = {Babanin, Alexander V. and Rogers, W. Erick and de Camargo, Ricardo and Doble, Martin and Durrant, Tom and Filchuk, Kirill and Ewans, Kevin and Hemer, Mark and Janssen, Tim and Kelly-Gerreyn, Boris and MacHutchon, Keith and McComb, Peter and Qiao, Fangli and Schulz, Eric and Skvortsov, Alex and Thomson, Jim and Vichi, Marcello and Violante-Carvalho, Nelson and Wang, David and Waseda, Takuji and Williams, Greg and Young, Ian R.}
}
