@article {RN153,
	title = {Mooring Observations of Air-Sea Heat Fluxes in Two Subantarctic Mode Water Formation Regions},
	journal = {Journal of Climate},
	volume = {33},
	number = {7},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {2757-2777},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Wintertime surface ocean heat loss is the key process driving the formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), but there are few direct observations of heat fluxes, particularly during winter. The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Southern Ocean mooring in the southeast Pacific Ocean and the Southern Ocean Flux Station (SOFS) in the southeast Indian Ocean provide the first concurrent, multiyear time series of air{\textendash}sea fluxes in the Southern Ocean from two key SAMW formation regions. In this work we compare drivers of wintertime heat loss and SAMW formation by comparing air{\textendash}sea fluxes and mixed layers at these two mooring locations. A gridded Argo product and the ERA5 reanalysis product provide temporal and spatial context for the mooring observations. Turbulent ocean heat loss is on average 1.5 times larger in the southeast Indian (SOFS) than in the southeast Pacific (OOI), with stronger extreme heat flux events in the southeast Indian leading to larger cumulative winter ocean heat loss. Turbulent heat loss events in the southeast Indian (SOFS) occur in two atmospheric regimes (cold air from the south or dry air circulating via the north), while heat loss events in the southeast Pacific (OOI) occur in a single atmospheric regime (cold air from the south). On interannual time scales, wintertime anomalies in net heat flux and mixed layer depth (MLD) are often correlated at the two sites, particularly when wintertime MLDs are anomalously deep. This relationship is part of a larger basin-scale zonal dipole in heat flux and MLD anomalies present in both the Indian and Pacific basins, associated with anomalous meridional atmospheric circulation.},
	keywords = {Atmosphere-ocean interaction, Buoy observations, Heat budgets/fluxes, Oceanic mixed layer, Southern Ocean, Water masses/storage},
	issn = {0894-8755},
	doi = {10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0653.1},
	author = {Tamsitt, V. and Cerovecki, I. and Josey, S. A. and Gille, S. T. and Schulz, E.}
}
@article {RN63,
	title = {Extreme Variability in Irminger Sea Winter Heat Loss Revealed by Ocean Observatories Initiative Mooring and the ERA5 Reanalysis},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {46},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {293-302},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Ground-breaking measurements from the ocean observatories initiative Irminger Sea surface mooring (60{\textdegree}N, 39{\textdegree}30'W) are presented that provide the first in situ characterization of multiwinter surface heat exchange at a high latitude North Atlantic site. They reveal strong variability (December 2014 net heat loss nearly 50\% greater than December 2015) due primarily to variations in frequency of intense short timescale (1{\textendash}3 days) forcing. Combining the observations with the new high resolution European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) atmospheric reanalysis, the main source of multiwinter variability is shown to be changes in the frequency of Greenland tip jets (present on 15 days in December 2014 and 3 days in December 2015) that can result in hourly mean heat loss exceeding 800 W/m2. Furthermore, a new picture for atmospheric mode influence on Irminger Sea heat loss is developed whereby strongly positive North Atlantic Oscillation conditions favor increased losses only when not outweighed by the East Atlantic Pattern.

},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL080956},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080956},
	author = {Josey, S. A. and de Jong, M. F. and Oltmanns, M. and Moore, G. K. and Weller, R. A.}
}
@article {RN40,
	title = {Episodic Southern Ocean Heat Loss and Its Mixed Layer Impacts Revealed by the Farthest South Multiyear Surface Flux Mooring},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	number = {10},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {5002-5010},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The Ocean Observatories Initiative air-sea flux mooring deployed at 54.08{\textdegree}S, 89.67{\textdegree}W, in the southeast Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, is the farthest south long-term open ocean flux mooring ever deployed. Mooring observations (February 2015 to August 2017) provide the first in situ quantification of annual net air-sea heat exchange from one of the prime Subantarctic Mode Water formation regions. Episodic turbulent heat loss events (reaching a daily mean net flux of -294 W/m2) generally occur when northeastward winds bring relatively cold, dry air to the mooring location, leading to large air-sea temperature and humidity differences. Wintertime heat loss events promote deep mixed layer formation that lead to Subantarctic Mode Water formation. However, these processes have strong interannual variability; a higher frequency of 2 σ and 3 σ turbulent heat loss events in winter 2015 led to deep mixed layers (>300 m), which were nonexistent in winter 2016.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2017gl076909},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000435262000052},
	author = {Ogle, S. E. and Tamsitt, V. and Josey, S. A. and Gille, S. T. and Cerovecki, I. and Talley, L. D. and Weller, R. A.}
}
