@article {cheng_characterizing_2023,
	title = {Characterizing the Effect of Ocean Surface Currents on Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) Winds Using Open Ocean Moored Buoy Data},
	journal = {Remote Sensing},
	volume = {15},
	number = {18},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Number: 18 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	pages = {4630},
	abstract = {The ocean surface current influences the roughness of the sea surface, subsequently affecting the scatterometer{\textquoteright}s measurement of wind speed. In this study, the effect of surface currents on ASCAT-retrieved winds is investigated based on in-situ observations of both surface winds and currents from 40 open ocean moored buoys in the tropical and mid-latitude oceans. A total of 28,803 data triplets, consisting of buoy-observed wind vectors, current vectors, and ASCAT Level 2 wind vectors, were collected from the dataset spanning over 10 years. It is found that the bias between scatterometer-retrieved wind speed and buoy-observed wind speed is negatively correlated with the ocean surface current speed. The wind speed bias is approximately 0.96 times the magnitude of the downwind surface current. The root-mean-square error between the ASCAT wind speeds and buoy observations is reduced by about 15\% if rectification with ocean surface currents is involved. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate surface current information into wind speed calibration, particularly in regions with strong surface currents.},
	keywords = {ASCAT, moored buoys, ocean surface current, sea surface wind},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs15184630},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/18/4630},
	author = {Cheng, Tianyi and Chen, Zhaohui and Li, Jingkai and Xu, Qing and Yang, Haiyuan}
}
@article {RN182,
	title = {Building the integrated observational network of {\textquotedblleft}Transparent Ocean{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = {Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)},
	volume = {65},
	number = {25},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {2654-2661},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {We live in an exciting era for ocean science, particularly when compared to three decades ago when the ocean was vastly underexplored. Progress can only be made through discovery, observation, understanding of the ocean from the surface to the deep sea, from global to local processes, and from physics, biogeochemistry to ecology. Ocean observation is the basis of oceanic scientific research and is a key to global competition in marine science and technology. Breakthroughs depend on innovation in marine observation and exploration technology. Based on the current frontier issues of ocean science, we report ways to build a three-dimensional observation network of {\textquotedblleft}Transparent Ocean{\textquotedblright}. The network will effectively promote China{\textquoteright}s construction of an international collaborative innovation network for marine science. The three-dimensional observation network {\textquotedblleft}Transparent Ocean{\textquotedblright} focuses on building an intelligent mobile platform and integrates satellites, fixed platforms, vessel network, and submarine observation systems to make the oceans truly transparent. This network includes four sub-programs. (1) An Ocean Star Cluster Program, which resolves ocean variability at sub-meso and sub-week scales with a centimeter-level accuracy, to partially reveal the marine life system and ecosystem with a 10-m vertical interval in the euphotic layer, moving a significant step forward towards a {\textquotedblleft}Transparent Ocean{\textquotedblright} down to the vicinity of thermocline both dynamically and bio-optically. (2) An Air-Sea Interface Program, which aims to build an observational network that integrates fixed and mobile platforms to achieve a three-dimensional view of key elements/variables of the air-sea interface. (3) A Starry Deep Sea Program, which builds a deep sea observation system with deep Argo, deep gliders, deep-sea autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), intelligent buoys, and other facilities. The system will provide support for information procurement through deep sea navigation and positioning technology. (4) An Undersea Perspective Program, which integrates seabed observation network, communication, navigation and positioning, with intelligent charging technologies to build an intelligent exploration network from water to the seabed. In addition, there is a Deep Blue Brain Project, which will build a marine internet of things with the goal to enhance the ability of intelligent services from data to customers. To date, breakthroughs have been made in research and development of cutting-edge marine technologies, providing new means for ocean observation and exploration. With respect to the ocean observation network, China has built a pilot mooring network with over one hundred sub-surface moorings and almost ten surface buoys in the western Pacific, South China Sea and the Indian Ocean over the past decade. In the next decade, it is essential to integrate observations, process studies and prediction/projection, so as to meet multiple demands of end users.},
	keywords = {marine observation and exploration technology, three-dimensional observation network, Transparent Ocean, transparent state},
	doi = {10.1360/tb-2020-0558},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1130540202},
	author = {Wu, Lixin and Chen, Zhaohui and Lin, Xiaopei and Liu, Yongzheng}
}
