@article {cronin_pmel_2023,
	title = {PMEL Ocean Climate Stations as Reference Time Series and Research Aggregate Devices},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {36},
	number = {2-3},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {46{\textendash}53},
	abstract = {The NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) Ocean Climate Stations (OCS) project provides in situ measurements for quantifying air-sea interactions that couple the ocean and atmosphere. The project maintains two OceanSITES surface moorings in the North Pacific, one at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory in the Northwest Pacific subtropical recirculation gyre and the other at Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific subpolar gyre. OCS mooring time series are used as in situ references for assessing satellite and numerical weather prediction models. A spinoff of the PMEL Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) project, OCS moorings have acted as {\textquotedblleft}research aggregating devices.{\textquotedblright} Working with and attracting wide-ranging partners, OCS scientists have collected process-​oriented observations of variability on diurnal, synoptic, seasonal, and interannual timescales, and trends associated with anthropogenic climate change. Since 2016, they have worked to expand, test, and verify the observing capabilities of uncrewed surface vehicles and to develop observing strategies for integrating these unique, wind-powered observing platforms within the tropical Pacific and global ocean observing system. PMEL OCS has been at the center of the UN Decade of Ocean Sciences for Sustainable Development (2021{\textendash}2030) effort to develop an Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) that links an expanded network of in situ air-sea interaction observations to optimized satellite observations, improved ocean and atmospheric coupling in Earth system models, and ultimately improved ocean information across an array of essential climate variables for decision-makers. This retrospective highlights not only achievements of the PMEL OCS project but also some of its challenges.},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2023.224},
	url = {https://tos.org/oceanography/article/pmel-ocean-climate-stations-as-reference-time-seriesand-research-aggregate-devices$\#$citation},
	author = {Cronin, Meghan F. and Anderson, Nathan D. and Zhang, Dongxiao and Berk, Patrick and Wills, Samantha M. and Serra, Yolande and Kohlman, Catherine and Sutton, Adrienne J. and Honda, Makio C. and Kawai, Yoshimi and Yang, Jie and Thomson, Jim and Lawrence-Slavas, Noah and Eyre, Jack Reeves and Meinig, Christian}
}
@article {dziak_pmel_2023,
	title = {PMEL Passive Acoustics Research: Quantifying the Ocean Soundscape from Whales to Wave Energy},
	journal = {Oceanography},
	volume = {36},
	number = {2-3},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {196{\textendash}205},
	abstract = {Passive acoustic monitoring of the global ocean has increased dramatically over the last decade, providing insights into seasonal sea ice and wind/wave variability, biodiversity, geophysical hazards, and anthropogenic noise impacts. All of these phenomena are sentinels of marine ecosystem health and ocean climate change. Recognizing the utility of underwater sound, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) formed a passive acoustic research program with the goal of quantifying deep-ocean and coastal soundscapes in support of NOAA{\textquoteright}s mission to conserve and manage marine ecosystems. PMEL Acoustics Program researchers have built a stable of novel ocean technologies, including autonomous stationary hydrophones, mobile platforms, and near-real-time surface buoys with satellite communication capability. These passive acoustic monitoring systems have been deployed in every major ocean basin on Earth, enabling significant advancements in understanding of natural and anthropogenic sounds. This progress includes evaluation of human-made sound levels across US waters, observations of ship noise fluctuations during the COVID-19 pandemic, and evaluation of noise levels from offshore wave-energy devices. Progress in natural sound research includes assessment of seasonal variability in the presence of endangered cetacean species due to population recovery and/or changing ocean temperatures as well as early detection of the collapse of an Antarctic ice shelf.},
	doi = {10.5670/oceanog.2023.203},
	url = {https://tos.org/oceanography/article/pmel-passive-acoustics-research-quantifying-the-ocean-soundscape-from-whales-to-wave-energy},
	author = {Dziak, Robert P. and Matsumoto, Haru and Haver, Samara and Mellinger, David K. and Roche, Lauren and Haxel, Joseph H. and Stalin, Scott and Meinig, Christian and Kohlman, Katie and Sremba, Angie and Gedamke, Jason and Hatch, Leila and Van Parijs}
}
