@article {fu_seasonality_2023,
	title = {Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic.},
	journal = {Communications earth \& environment},
	volume = {4},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: England},
	pages = {181},
	abstract = {Understanding the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is essential for better predictions of our changing climate. Here we present an updated time series (August 2014 to June 2020) from the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program. The 6-year time series allows us to observe the seasonality of the subpolar overturning and meridional heat and freshwater transports. The overturning peaks in late spring and reaches a minimum in early winter, with a peak-to-trough range of 9.0 Sv. The overturning seasonal timing can be explained by winter transformation and the export of dense water, modulated by a seasonally varying Ekman transport. Furthermore, over 55\% of the total meridional freshwater transport variability can be explained by its seasonality, largely owing to overturning dynamics. Our results provide the first observational analysis of seasonality in the subpolar North Atlantic overturning and highlight its important contribution to the total overturning variability observed to date.},
	keywords = {Ocean sciences, physical oceanography},
	issn = {2662-4435},
	doi = {10.1038/s43247-023-00848-9},
	author = {Fu, Yao and Lozier, M. Susan and Bil{\'o}, Tiago Carrilho and Bower, Amy S. and Cunningham, Stuart A. and Cyr, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and de Jong, M. Femke and deYoung, Brad and Drysdale, Lewis and Fraser, Neil and Fried, Nora and Furey, Heather H. and Han, Guoqi and Handmann, Patricia and Holliday, N. Penny and Holte, James and Inall, Mark E. and Johns, William E. and Jones, Sam and Karstensen, Johannes and Li, Feili and Pacini, Astrid and Pickart, Robert S. and Rayner, Darren and Straneo, Fiammetta and Yashayaev, Igor}
}
@article {lozier_overflow_2022,
	title = {Overflow Water Pathways in the North Atlantic},
	journal = {Progress In Oceanography},
	volume = {208},
	year = {2022},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {102874},
	abstract = {As part of the international Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), 135 acoustically-tracked deep floats were deployed to track the spreading pathways of Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) and Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) from 2014 to 2018. These water masses, which originate in the Nordic Seas, are transported by the deepest branch of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The OSNAP floats provide the first directly-observed, comprehensive Lagrangian view of ISOW and DSOW spreading pathways throughout the subpolar North Atlantic. The collection of OSNAP float trajectories, complemented by model simulations, reveals that their pathways are (a) not restricted to western boundary currents, and (b) remarkably different from each other in character. The spread of DSOW from the Irminger Sea is primarily via the swift deep boundary currents of the Irminger and Labrador Seas, whereas the spread of ISOW out of the Iceland Basin is slower and along multiple export pathways. The characterization of these Overflow Water pathways has important implications for our understanding of the AMOC and its variability. Finally, reconstructions of AMOC variability from proxy data, involving either the strength of boundary currents and/or the property variability of deep waters, should account for the myriad pathways of DSOW and ISOW, but particularly so for the latter.},
	issn = {0079-6611},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102874},
	author = {Lozier, M. Susan and Bower, Amy S. and Furey, Heather H. and Drouin, Kimberley L. and Xu, Xiaobiao and Zou, Sijia}
}
