@article {gray_evidence_2024,
	title = {Evidence for Kilometer-Scale Biophysical Features at the Gulf Stream Front},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {129},
	number = {3},
	year = {2024},
	note = {_eprint: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023JC020526},
	pages = {e2023JC020526},
	abstract = {Understanding the interplay of ocean physics and biology at the submesoscale and below (<30 km) is an ongoing challenge in oceanography. While poorly constrained, these scales may be of critical importance for understanding how changing ocean dynamics will impact marine ecosystems. Fronts in the ocean, regions where two disparate water masses meet and isopycnals become tilted toward vertical, are considered hotspots for biophysical interaction, but there is limited observational evidence at the appropriate scales to assess their importance. Fronts around western boundary currents like the Gulf Stream are of particular interest as these dynamic physical regions are thought to influence both productivity and composition of primary producers; however, how exactly this plays out is not well known. Using satellite data and 2 years of in situ observations across the Gulf Stream front near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, we investigate how submesoscale frontal dynamics could affect biological communities and generate hotspots of productivity and export. We assess the seasonality and phenology of the region, generalize the kilometer-scale structure of the front, and analyze 69 transects to assess two physical processes of potential biogeochemical importance: cold shelf filament subduction and high salinity Sargasso Sea obduction. We link these processes observationally to meanders in the Gulf Stream and discuss how cold filament subduction could be exporting carbon and how obduction of high salinity water from depth is connected with high chlorophyll-a. Finally, we report on phytoplankton community composition in each of these features and integrate these observations into our understanding of frontal submesoscale dynamics.},
	keywords = {biophysical interaction, Fronts, Gulf Stream, meanders, phytoplankton community, submesoscale},
	issn = {2169-9291},
	doi = {10.1029/2023JC020526},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2023JC020526},
	author = {Gray, Patrick Clifton and Savelyev, Ivan and Cassar, Nicolas and L{\'e}vy, Marina and Boss, Emmanuel and Lehahn, Yoav and Bourdin, Guillaume and Thompson, Kate A. and Windle, Anna and Gronniger, Jessica and Floge, Sheri and Hunt, Dana E. and Silsbe, Greg and Johnson, Zackary I. and Johnston, David W.}
}
@article {boss_recommendations_2022,
	title = {Recommendations for Plankton Measurements on OceanSITES Moorings With Relevance to Other Observing Sites},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	abstract = {Measuring plankton and associated variables as part of ocean time-series stations has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of ocean biology and ecology and their ties to ocean biogeochemistry. It will open temporal scales (e.g., resolving diel cycles) not typically sampled as a function of depth. In this review we motivate the addition of biological measurements to time-series sites by detailing science questions they could help address, reviewing existing technology that could be deployed, and providing examples of time-series sites already deploying some of those technologies. We consider here the opportunities that exist through global coordination within the OceanSITES network for long-term (climate) time series station in the open ocean. Especially with respect to data management, global solutions are needed as these are critical to maximize the utility of such data. We conclude by providing recommendations for an implementation plan.},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2022.929436},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.929436},
	author = {Boss, Emmanuel and Waite, Anya M. and Karstensen, Johannes and Trull, Tom and Muller-Karger, Frank and Sosik, Heidi M. and Uitz, Julia and Acinas, Silvia G. and Fennel, Katja and Berman-Frank, Ilana and Thomalla, Sandy and Yamazaki, Hidekatsu and Batten, Sonia and Gregori, Gerald and Richardson, Anthony J. and Wanninkhof, Rik}
}
@article {siegel_prediction_2016,
	title = {Prediction of the Export and Fate of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The EXPORTS Science Plan},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2016},
	abstract = {Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth{\textquoteright}s carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as its fate in the underlying {\textquotedblleft}twilight zone{\textquotedblright} where some fraction of exported carbon will be sequestered in the ocean{\textquoteright}s interior on time scales of months to millennia. Here we present a measurement/synthesis/modeling framework aimed at quantifying the fates of upper ocean NPP and its impacts on the global carbon cycle based upon the EXPORTS Science Plan. The proposed approach will diagnose relationships among the ecological, biogeochemical, and physical oceanographic processes that control carbon cycling across a range of ecosystem and carbon cycling states leading to advances in satellite diagnostic and numerical prognostic models. To collect these data, a combination of ship and robotic field sampling, satellite remote sensing, and numerical modeling is proposed which enables the sampling of the many pathways of NPP export and fates. This coordinated, process-oriented approach has the potential to foster new insights on ocean carbon cycling that maximizes its societal relevance through the achievement of research goals of many international research agencies and will be a key step toward our understanding of the Earth as an integrated system.},
	issn = {2296-7745},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2016.00022},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2016.00022},
	author = {Siegel, David A. and Buesseler, Ken O. and Behrenfeld, Michael J. and Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. and Boss, Emmanuel and Brzezinski, Mark A. and Burd, Adrian and Carlson, Craig A. and D{\textquoteright}Asaro, Eric A. and Doney, Scott C. and Perry, Mary J. and Stanley, Rachel H. R. and Steinberg, Deborah K.}
}
