@article {RN188,
	title = {Optimizing Mooring Placement to Constrain Southern Ocean Air-Sea Fluxes},
	journal = {Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology},
	volume = {37},
	number = {8},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {1365-1385},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Proposals from multiple nations to deploy air{\textendash}sea flux moorings in the Southern Ocean have raised the question of how to optimize the placement of these moorings in order to maximize their utility, both as contributors to the network of observations assimilated in numerical weather prediction and also as a means to study a broad range of processes driving air{\textendash}sea fluxes. This study, developed as a contribution to the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS), proposes criteria that can be used to determine mooring siting to obtain best estimates of net air{\textendash}sea heat flux (Qnet). Flux moorings are envisioned as one component of a multiplatform observing system, providing valuable in situ point time series measurements to be used alongside satellite data and observations from autonomous platforms and ships. Assimilating models (e.g., numerical weather prediction and reanalysis products) then offer the ability to synthesize the observing system and map properties between observations. This paper develops a framework for designing mooring array configurations to maximize the independence and utility of observations. As a test case, within the meridional band from 35{\textdegree} to 65{\textdegree}S we select eight mooring sites optimized to explain the largest fraction of the total variance (and thus to ensure the least variance of residual components) in the area south of 20{\textdegree}S. Results yield different optimal mooring sites for low-frequency interannual heat fluxes compared with higher-frequency subseasonal fluxes. With eight moorings, we could explain a maximum of 24.6\% of high-frequency Qnet variability or 44.7\% of low-frequency Qnet variability.},
	keywords = {Buoy observations, In situ atmospheric observations, In situ oceanic observations, Southern Ocean},
	issn = {0739-0572},
	doi = {10.1175/JTECH-D-19-0203.1},
	author = {Wei, Y. Z. and Gille, S. T. and Mazloff, M. R. and Tamsitt, V. and Swart, S. and Chen, D. K. and Newman, L.}
}
@article {RN118,
	title = {Southern Ocean Biogeochemical Float Deployment Strategy, With Example From the Greenwich Meridian Line (GO-SHIP A12)},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {124},
	number = {1},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {403-431},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Biogeochemical Argo floats, profiling to 2,000-m depth, are being deployed throughout the Southern Ocean by the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling program (SOCCOM). The goal is 200 floats by 2020, to provide the first full set of annual cycles of carbon, oxygen, nitrate, and optical properties across multiple oceanographic regimes. Building from no prior coverage to a sparse array, deployments are based on prior knowledge of water mass properties, mean frontal locations, mean circulation and eddy variability, winds, air-sea heat/freshwater/carbon exchange, prior Argo trajectories, and float simulations in the Southern Ocean State Estimate and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Twelve floats deployed from the 2014{\textendash}2015 Polarstern cruise from South Africa to Antarctica are used as a test case to evaluate the deployment strategy adopted for SOCCOM{\textquoteright}s 20 deployment cruises and 126 floats to date. After several years, these floats continue to represent the deployment zones targeted in advance: (1) Weddell Gyre sea ice zone, observing the Antarctic Slope Front, and a decadally-rare polynya over Maud Rise; (2) Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) including the topographically steered Southern Zone chimney where upwelling carbon/nutrient-rich deep waters produce surprisingly large carbon dioxide outgassing; (3) Subantarctic and Subtropical zones between the ACC and Africa; and (4) Cape Basin. Argo floats and eddy-resolving HYCOM simulations were the best predictors of individual SOCCOM float pathways, with uncertainty after 2 years of order 1,000 km in the sea ice zone and more than double that in and north of the ACC.},
	issn = {2169-9275},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JC014059},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014059},
	author = {Talley, L. D. and Rosso, I. and Kamenkovich, I. and Mazloff, M. R. and Wang, J. and Boss, E. and Gray, A. R. and Johnson, K. S. and Key, R. M. and Riser, S. C. and Williams, N. L. and Sarmiento, J. L.}
}
